1. Unit 4: A New Nation - Washington’s Presidency

2. Bell Ringer: What are the political parties today?
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- Stop at mystery document (9:20)

3. Washington’s Presidency
1789!
George Washington was unanimously elected 1st President of the United States by the electoral college
John Adams is VP

4. Washington’s Presidency
Judiciary Act of 1789
established a judiciary (a system of courts)
13 federal district courts, 3 circuit courts, and a six-member Supreme Court
est. Attorney General office to prosecute and defend on behalf of federal gov’t
John Jay
1st Chief Justice
U.S. Supreme Court

5. Washington’s Presidency
Washington’s Cabinet
established a precedent (act or statement that becomes an example or tradition to be followed)
advises the president
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson**
Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton**
Secretary of War: Henry Knox
Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

6. Washington’s Presidency
Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Plan
George Washington entrusted the young Alexander Hamilton to fix the nation’s economy
what problems did we face???
created 3-step plan:
deal with DEBT
create REVENUE
stabilize the SYSTEM

7. Washington’s Presidency
How to deal with DEBT?
assume all state debt
nat’l gov’t will pay off ALL debt
the south HATES this… why?
most southern states had paid their debts already!!!!
how do we get them to support?
COMPROMISE!
nat’l capital is placed in the South…. Washington D.C.

8. Washington’s Presidency
How to create REVENUE?
excise taxes: taxes on purchases of certain goods
placed tax on WHISKEY!!!
protective tariff: tax on foreign imports
encourage ppl to buy American goods

9. Washington’s Presidency
How to stabilize the SYSTEM?
create a national bank!
place to keep money and regulate currency
There’s a problem though….
Constitution says nothing about creating a bank
Hamilton argues there are implied powers
In 1791 First Bank of the United States is created for 20 years!

10. Washington’s Presidency
Loose Interpretation of the Constitution
belief that the gov’t has any power NOT forbidden by the Constitution
Elastic Clause: “Congress shall have power… to make any law NECESSARY AND PROPER”

11. Washington’s Presidency
Strict Interpretation of the Constitution
belief that the gov’t is limited to powers clearly stated in the Constitution

12. Washington’s Presidency
Whiskey Rebellion
rural farmers in Pennsylvania hate excise tax on whiskey
resist the tax by attacking tax collectors
Hamilton and Washington view this as a chance to demonstrate power of the nat’l gov’t
13,000 troops sent to put down rebellion

13. Washington’s Presidency
FEDERALISTS
and
DEMOCRATIC-
REPUBLICANS
*first political parties*
The Two-Party System Emerges
political parties or “factions” were unwanted by authors of the Constitution
happened anyway

14. Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
LEADERS
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
GOV’T
favored a strong centralized (national) gov’t
favored states’ rights
ECONOMY
wanted economy based on industry and trade (favored by the North)
wanted economy based on farming (favored by the South)
FOREIGN ALLIANCE
Pro-British
Pro-French
CONSTITUTION
loose construction
strict construction
SOCIETY
favored by wealthy elite and the NORTH
favored by common people and the SOUTH

15. Washington’s Presidency
Proclamation of Neutrality
war breaks out btwn Great Britain and France
awkwaaard… we trade with both
nation too weak to get involved
Washington declares the United States neutral (not choosing sides) in the conflict

16. Washington’s Presidency
Meanwhile….
Great Britain keeps attacking American ships that are trading with France!
also impressing American sailors (kidnapping them and forcing them to work in British Navy)
British soldiers in NW Territory are encouraging NAs to attack American settlers and providing them weapons
seriously guys???

17. Washington’s Presidency
American settlement in the new western territories had caused conflict between Native Americans and settlers
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) was the final battle btwn Americans and Native American groups in a series of conflict over land
American victory

18. Washington’s Presidency
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
following defeat at Fallen Timbers, Native American leaders were forced to accept peace terms
Americans agreed to stop military conquest but forced NA groups to give up land
treaty gave the U.S. most of present day Ohio
opened the Northwest Territory to more settlement

19. Washington’s Presidency
Jay’s Treaty
btwn Britain and U.S.
passed to avoid war with Britain
treaty terms:
G.B. gives up forts in Northwest Territory
U.S. promises to repay pre-war debts

21. Washington’s Presidency
Pinckney’s Treaty
btwn Spain and U.S.
treaty terms:
U.S. shipping rights on Mississippi River
U.S. access to New Orleans port
established northern border of Spanish Florida

22. Washington’s Presidency
Effects of treaties
more Americans move west!
victory over Native Americans, removal of British forts, and access to New Orleans encouraged Americans to move west
selling land to settlers raised $$$ for nat’l gov’t to pay debt

23. Washington’s Presidency
Washington Leaves Office
retired voluntarily after 2 terms
set another precedent
Washington’s Farewell Address:
avoid political parties
avoid alliances with European nations

24. George Washington’s Farewell Address
Read the document and highlight or underline the main points/topics as you read through.
Then answers the questions on the second sheet of paper.