1. Organic Compounds Student Learning Objectives
(Chapter 14)
Student Learning Objectives
Identify substances which contain organic compounds
Discuss the importance of structure

2. What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.
Carbon has a unique ability to bond with itself in complex covalent bonds.
A single molecular formula may have several structures.
IDTIMWYTIM: "Organic"
90% of compounds

3. Some Structures for C5H10

4. Practice
These Practice Problems are presented in class

5. Retinol (most common form of vitamin A)

6. In what substances are hydrocarbons found?
All hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon.
Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the Benzene Ring (C6H6)
Benzene Symbol

7. Aromatics (benzene substances) have a strong aroma.
Benzene is a carcinogen.
Gasoline
Adhesives
Perfumes
Paint Stripper
Tobacco
Household Cleaners

8. Question
These Practice Problems are presented in class

9. CnH2n+2 Alcanes Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain no Benzene Ring Methane
Propane
Ethane
Cyclo-Pentane

10. n-hydrocarbons: unbranched
These Practice Problems are presented in class
Alcane hydrocarbons have structural isomers.
Same molecular formula
Different physical and chemical properties
n-hydrocarbons: unbranched
iso-hydrocarbons: The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes. In other words, if there is methyl group located on the second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the prefix iso-. The prefix will be placed in front of the alkane name that indicates the total number of carbons.
neo-hydrocarbons:The prefix neo- refers to a substituent whose second-to-last carbon of the chain is trisubstituted (has three methyl groups attached to it). A neo-pentyl has five carbons total. 

11. Octane ratings are based on the abundances of the different structural isomers of Pentane.
Straight-chain hydrocarbons burn faster
Branching iso-hydrocarbons burn slower
neo-pentane
highest octane rating
iso-pentane
n-pentane
lowest octane rating

12. Alkyl hydrocarbons are Alkanes with 1 hydrogen (H) replaced by Hydroxide (OH)
Alcohol Isomers

13. Organic molecules have a base unit called a functional group.
Carbonyl
Alkene
Alkyl
Amine
Benzyl
Ketone

14. Why are plastics and proteins difficult to break down?
Polymers are very long molecules made up of repeating monomers. (chains of monomers)
Human-made polymers are commonly called plastics.
Naturally Occurring
Human Produced
DNA
Carpet
Proteins
Plastics
Complex Carbohydrates
Chewing Gum
From DNA to Silly Putty, the diverse world of polymers - Jan Mattingly

15. Polystyrene
polymerization
many
styrene
polystyrene

16. What are carbohydrates?
A carbohydrate contains carbon and water.
Carbohydrates are divided into 3 classes.
Glucose
C6(H2O)6
Monosaccharide
Fructose
Sucrose
C12(H2O)11
Disaccharide
Cellulose (Starch)
(C6H10O5)n
Polysaccharides
The simple story of photosynthesis and food - Amanda Ooten