2. Heads of NPs and Nouns Modern English Grammar 1 Session 2

3. MEG-1© FAM2 categorised word classes identified Phrases in sentences But first: what we did last week determiners, nouns, pronouns, prepositions, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. noun phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases

4. MEG-1© FAM3 determined their Heads examined the construction of phrases considered the Functional Categories in a sentence What we saw last week (ctd.) really difficult for Jenny Specifier HEAD Extension X post-Xpre-X XP Subject, Verb(ial), Object, Complement, Adverbial

5. The Noun Phrase Structures, Elements, Relations

6. MEG-1© FAM5 2.1 The Structure of the NP Determiner (d) NP pre-modifier (m) post-modifier (m) HEAD (H) dmHm dmH dH H Specifier Extension

7. MEG-1© FAM6 Do Activity 1 on page 15

8. MEG-1© FAM7 2.1 The Structure of the NP Determiner (d) NP pre-modifier (m) post-modifier (m) HEAD (H) in Marchafternoonwarmone dmHm wheel barrowredthe dmH cara dH Peter H Specifier Extension

9. MEG-1© FAM8 With the Home Study findings from Exploration 1 fill in the table for Activity 2, page 17

10. MEG-1© FAM9 2.2 Types of N a) (red) one(s) (some any) I Australia Bern Jim Leeds United company countryside courage cruelty death / Death future government information joy kindness love pity sleep stardom air aircraft bath beef bread cattle cow crossroads darts draughts fight flour flower goose gymnastics herd homework ice insignia … Abstract NounsConcrete Nouns Place- holders Pro- nouns Proper Nouns Common Nouns

11. MEG-1© FAM10 2.2 Types of Nouns b) Heads of NP (N) focus on Entities Entities are –p–people –t–things –a–animals –p–places Entities are also –a–abstract notions –a–actions –e–emotions –i–institutions –p–phenomena –q–qualities –t–times/periods –e–etc. They can occurs as –N–Nouns –P–Pronouns –P–Placeholders

12. MEG-1© FAM11 From Home Study, lets check Exploration 2 on page 16

13. MEG-1© FAM12 Nouns and how they behave a) xx measles x committee xx mathematics x coal xx luggage x cards x luck x bread x love x beauty x Leeds United x bath x life xx baggage x knowledge x audience x kindness x athletics xx information x army x ice x anger x honesty xx air xx homework xx advice 654321Noun654321

14. MEG-1© FAM13 Nouns and how they behave c) x run x enemy x rest x end x relief x drink x pride x draughts x press x death police x data xx physics x darts x past x cruelty news x crew xx mumps x courage x move x countryside x money x country x media x company 654321Noun654321

15. MEG-1© FAM14 Nouns and how they behave c) x world x hate x wind x gymnastics x water x group x wash x government x travel x go x team xx future x sun xx furniture x sugar X fun x start X freedom x staff x food x snooze x flock x sleep x fight x sky x family 654321Noun654321

16. MEG-1© FAM15 Do Activity 3 on page 17

17. MEG-1© FAM16 2.2.1 Countable vs. uncountable nouns do not take a concrete quantifier (e.g. a number adjective). always singular, do not take a take singular markers (verb forms, pronouns) abstract terms beauty, death, freedom, fun, life, luck, knowledge activities sleep, travel, emotions anger, love, relief, character features courage, cruelty, hate, honesty, kindness, pride substances bread, coal, food, ice, sugar, water

18. MEG-1© FAM17 2.2.1 Countable vs. uncountable nouns look like plurals, but are singulars. illnesses measles, mumps subjects mathematics, physics games cards, darts, draughts sports athletics, gymnastics, darts

19. MEG-1© FAM18 2.2.1 Countable vs. uncountable nouns form of a singular, used with singular or plural pronouns / verb forms focus on individual members or group as a whole army, audience, committee, company, crew, data, enemy, family, flock, government, group, Leeds United, media, press, staff, team,

20. MEG-1© FAM19 2.2.1 Countable vs. uncountable nouns These never take the plural in English: advice, baggage, furniture, homework, information, luggage, money

21. MEG-1© FAM20 Do Activity 4 on page 19

22. MEG-1© FAM21 2.2.2 Nouns with the vs. a nouns normally occurring with the Police/police news potential repetition bath, drink, fight, go, move, rest, run, snooze, start, wash uniqueness or globality air, country, country- side, end, future, past, sky, sun, wind, world, nouns normally occurring with a/an always with singular markers always with plural markers

23. MEG-1© FAM22 Do Exploration 3 on page 18

24. MEG-1© FAM23 2.2.3 Plurals (Exploration 3) b sheep sheep men women man/ woman eyes eye chassis chassis series series leaves leaf dwarves dwarf busses bus scissors scissors larvae larva deer deer bridges bridge salmon salmon ladies lady days day bourgeois bourgeois pyjamas pyjamas kisses kiss cries cry binoculars binoculars précis précis jeans jeans crossroads cross- roads aircraft aircraft N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing

25. MEG-1© FAM24 2.2.3 Plurals (Exploration 3) b wives wife phenomena phenomenon indices indexes index criteria criterion trousers trousers oxen ox houses house corpora corpus trees tree nuclei nucleus hats hat clashes clash teeth tooth mice mouse geese goose churches church species species memoranda memorandum glasses glasses children child N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing

26. MEG-1© FAM25 Home Study Activity 5 on page 19 Exploration 1 on page 24

27. MEG-1© FAM26 And thats all for today Tune in again next week for another captivating episode of