1. Genetics review
1. What is the genotype of an individual that shows a recessive trait?
2. If a mother is heterozygous for the X-linked colorblindness trait and the father is not colorblind, what are the probable outcomes for children?
3. Define genotypes and phenotypes.
4. How are sex-linked recessive traits passed on?

2. 5. What are gametes?
6. What is produced at the end of meiosis?
7. What is the probable outcomes of a cross between two homozygous recessive individuals for a trait?
8. Define diploid.
9. What process produces reproductive cells (gametes)?
10. What are all the possible blood types of children from one parent that is type A and one that is type B?
11. Be able to determine genotypes by looking at a pedigree chart.

3. 12. What is crossing over and when does it happen?
13. Define codominant.
14. Define dominant.
15. Know what happens in each phase of meiosis.
16. Be able to determine probable outcomes for a dihybrid cross.
17. If a pea plant has (tt) for a trait, what are the possible genotypes of the parents?
18. What is nondisjunction and when does it occur?

4. 19. In humans the trait of having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). What are possible genotypes and phenotypes?
20. What is incomplete dominance and what are the probable outcomes for a cross of parents that have both traits?
21. When are tetrads formed?
22. What are the expected outcomes from F1 hybrids for tallness (Tt) inbreeding?
23. When do homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell?
24. When do sister chromatids line up at the equator of the cell?

5. 25. Be able to do the following Punnett squares and give probable outcomes: a dihybrid cross with both parents heterozygous for both traits, a x-linked trait, and a blood type