1. Chemistry 141 Monday, November 20, 2017 Lecture 32 Hybridization
Chemistry 11 - Lecture 11
9/30/2009
Chemistry 141
Monday, November 20, 2017
Lecture 32
Hybridization

2. Questions for today: What makes a molecule polar?
What is a covalent bond?
How can we understand molecular shapes in terms of orbitals?

3. Polarity of Molecules
A NONPOLAR molecule
A POLAR molecule

4. Orbital overlap and bonding

5. Hybrid orbitals
SN=4  tetrahedral (Example: CH4)

6. sp2 hybrid orbitals
SN=3  trigonal planar (Example: BCl3)

7. Hybrid orbitals for linear geometry
SN=2  linear (Example: BeCl2)

8. dsp3 hybrid orbitals
SN=5  trigonal bipyramidal
(Example: PCl5)

9. Hybrid orbitals and bonding for other SNs
SN=6  octahedral
(Example: SF6)

10. Hybridization summary

11. Sigma () and Pi () Bonds
Sigma bonds are characterized by
head-to-head overlap.
cylindrical symmetry of electron density about the internuclear axis.
Pi bonds are characterized by
side-to-side overlap.
electron density above and below the internuclear axis.

12. Bonding in Ethylene

13. Bonding in Acetylene

14. Benzene