2. ATOMS Proton (+) Neutron Electron(-) - +
Positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons are bound together in a dense nucleus, while the negatively charged electrons move around the nucleus.

3. - + SUBATOMIC PARTICLES PROTON Nucleus NEUTRON NONE ELECTRON
CHARGE
LOCATION
PROTON +
Nucleus
NEUTRON
NONE
ELECTRON -
Outside Nucleus
(in motion)

4. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

5. Basic Atomic Structure Movie

6. Models of H, O and C Atoms Hydrogen Atom 1 proton 1 electron
Oxygen Atom
8 protons
8 neutrons
8 electrons
Carbon Atom
6 protons
6 neutrons
6 electrons

7. Isotopes
Isotope - atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons.

8. Valence Electron Outer Shell
Electron from hydrogen
Electron from carbon
Valence Electron - an electron that is associated with an atom that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond.

9. Stop Here

10. Chemical Compound
Chemical Compound - a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.

11. Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bond - the attraction, sharing, or transfer of outer shell electrons from one atom to another.

12. Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bond
Ionic Bond - the transfer of valence electrons between atoms. Generates two oppositely charged ions.

13. Types of Chemical Bonds
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond - pairs of electrons are shared by atoms.

14. Types of Chemical Bonds
Hydrogen Bond
Hydrogen Bond - a weak attraction occurring between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby slightly negative atom of another molecule.

15. Water

16. Water
In a water molecule, each hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen atom.

17. Water is a Polar Molecule
Water has positive charges on one side and negative charges on the other side

18. Properties of Water Water is polar Water resists temperature changes
Water expands when it freezes
Water sticks well to itself (cohesion)
Water sticks well to other things (adhesion)
Water has a high level of surface tension

19. What is Surface Tension?
Surface tension is the cohesive force between liquid molecules.

20. Stop Here

21. Sinkin’ Lincoln Lab Objectives:
Measure the surface tension of different liquids.
Identify independent and dependent variables.
Plot a graph with the data collected.
Learn about polar molecules and surface tension.

22. Label the positive and negative charges on the water molecules.
Draw three water molecules. Draw dotted lines showing where the hydrogen bonding occurs.
Label the positive and negative charges on the water molecules. H H H

23. Stop Here