1. Unit 4: Kingdom Plantae & Genetics Vocabulary

2. Plantae (plant)

3. complex, multi-cellular autotrophic organisms that are usually green and use photosynthesis to make sugar (glucose)

4. Photosynthesis

5. the process by which a plant takes in carbon dioxide and water and in the presence of sunlight makes sugar and oxygen; occurs in chloroplast

6. Chlorophyll

7. the green pigment in chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs

8. Cell wall

9. a structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells, it provides strength and support

10. Respiration (cellular respiration)

11. the process of producing energy (ATP) in the cell from oxygen and glucose; produces carbon dioxide and water; occurs in mitochondria

12. Binary fission

13. the simple cell division in which one cell splits into 2; asexual reproduction

14. DNA

15. hereditary material found in the nucleus of a cell that controls all the activities of the cell

16. Mitosis

17. division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells in w/ each new cell (2) receives a copy of the original chromosomes

18. Meiosis

19. nuclear division that produces sex cells (sperm and egg)

20. Heterozygous

21. describes the organism or trait that has two different alleles for the same trait (Bb)

22. Homozygous

23. describes the organism or trait that has two identical alleles for the same trait (BB or bb)

24. Chromosomes

25. a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division

26. Heredity

27. the passing of traits from parent to offspring

28. Punnett squares

29. a tool scientist use to predict all of the possible combinations of alleles that offspring can inherit from 2 parents

30. Genes

31. segments of DNA, located on chromosomes, that carry the hereditary instructions that are passed from parent to offspring

32. Alleles

33. different forms of the same gene

34. Genotype

35. the inherited combination of alleles (could be BB, Bb or bb)

36. Phenotype

37. the physical expression of the inherited combination of alleles (could be brown or blue…)

38. Natural Selection

39. the process in which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than organisms without the favorable trait (peppered moths & industrial revolution example).

40. Selective breeding

41. the breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait

42. Hybrid

43. an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent

44. Purebred (true breeding)

45. an organism that always produces the same traits generation after generation.

46. Dominant trait

47. a term that describes the allele that determines the phenotype of an individual organism when two different copies are present in the genotype (written as an uppercase letter)

48. Recessive trait

49. a term describes an allele that is not expressed (shown) when combined with a dominant form of the gene (written as a lowercase letter)