1. Classification of Material Flows
Fridolin Krausmann
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2. 1 Biomass:
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3. 1 Biomass:
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4. 2 Metal ores:
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5. 3 Non Metallic minerals
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6. 4 Petroleum Resources (5 and 6)
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7. Data Sources Fridolin Krausmann
Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training |

8. International data sources
National data sources are first choice:
Agricultural statistics
Forest inventories
Mining statistics
Energy statistics
Industrial production statistics
Trade statistics
International data sources are based on data reported from national statistical offices/national sources. The can be of use
if national data are not accessible
for cross checks; supporting information
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9. International data sources
FAOSTAT: Statistical database of the food and agriculture organisation (FAO) – primary crops harvest, timber and fuel wood, livestock, trade with agriculture and forestry products (1961-)
USGS and BGS: United States geological service and British Geological Service – data on the extraction of mineral resources (ores, non-metallic minerals, petroleum resources).
UNICPS: United Nations Industrial Commodity Production Statistics – data on the extraction of mineral resources (ores, non-metallic minerals, petroleum resources) (1950/70-)
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10. International data sources
IEA: Database of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and OECD – data on the production (extraction) of and trade with petroleum resources (1960-)
UNCOMTRADE: United nations commodity trade statistics – data on imports and exports (1962-)
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11. USGS – country data sheets
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12. FAOSTAT: Crop production
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13. Database Links FAOSTAT: http://www.fao.org/corp/statistics/en/
European Mineral Statistics, a product of the World Mineral Statistics, published annually by the British Geological Survey (BGS)
Minerals Yearbook (Volume III: Area Reports: International), by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
United Nations Industrial Commodity Production Statistics
NewCronos, the statistical database of Eurostat.
UNCOMTRADE:
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14. Material flow accounting: Global issues and indicators
Fridolin Krausmann
Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training |

15. Socio-economic metabolism
Environment
Socio-economic system
Socio-economic system
Resource inputs
Waste and emissions
Agriculture
Mining
Stock depletion
Overexploitation
Greenhouse gases
Toxic wastes
Waste disposal
Waste water
1) Gesellschaft hat einen Stoffwechsel. Ein wichtiges Konzept in der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung
2) Auf dieser Stoffwechsel lassen sich viele Umweltprobleme zurückführen. Insgesamt ist der gesellschaftliche Stoffwechsel – seine Größe und wie er organisiert ist – ein wesentlicher Faktor für den globalen Umweltwandel.
3) Seit der Industrialisierung hat sich diese Stoffwechsel ganz grundlegend verändert. Huntergrund für diese Veränderung ist der Wandel des gesellschaftlichen Energiesystems vom solaren Energiesystem der vorindustrieller Gesellschaften zum industriellen Metabolismus mit einem fossilen Energiesystem.
Die Geschichte dieses Wandels und die Implikationen für zukünftige Entrwicklungen, also den Entwurf für einen neuen-nachhaltigen industriellen Stoffwechsel, werde ich versuchen in den nächsten 35 Minuten nachzuzeichnen:
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16. Metabolic scale: Global materials use 1900 to 2005
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17. Phases of global development: Material and energy use per capita
Oilpriceshocks 73/79
Materials
Energy
Post WWII industrialisation
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18. National trends: metabolic scale (DMC)
Global
USA: 15% of global
Brazil: 4% of global
India: 8% of global
Sources:
USA: Gierlinger 2009
Brazil: Mayer 2009
India: Lanz 2009
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19. National trends: DMC per capita
Global
USA
India
Brazil
Sources:
USA: Gierlinger 2009
Brazil: Mayer 2009
India: Lanz 2009
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20. Material use (DMC 2000) vs. income (GDP/cap):
N = 175 countries
Year 2000
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21. Resource productivity: GDP per unit of materials and energy input
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22. What can we expect for the future? Global convergence scenarios
Global metabolic rates in t/cap
Global metabolic scales in billion tonnes
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23. Material flow accounts
MFA is designed as a physical equivalent to national accounts (GDP)
MFA is a tool for monitoring the resource base of the economy: Composition of DE, DMI and DMC; physical trade relations, development over time
Supports for strategies of sustainable resource use:
EU: European thematic strategies on the sustainable use of natural resources (2003) and prevention of waste and recycling; to be revised in 2010.
OECD: Work programme on material flows and resource productivity (2004)
United Nations: International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management.
Japan: 3R Initiative: Reduce, reuse, recycle.
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24. Main aggregates of MFA RMEs unused extraction Stocks Exports DPO DE
Socio-economic system
RMEs
Domestic environment
unused extraction
Stocks
input
balancing
items
output
Exports
DPO DE
Imports
Imports DE
DPO
Exports
input
balancing
items
output
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25. Indicators: Extensive variables
Material flow indicators: Domestic extraction (DE), imports, exports
Domestic Material Input: DMI = DE + imports
Domestic Material Consumption: DMC = DMI – exports
Physical Trade Balance: PTB = imports – exports
Domestic Processed Output: DPO = wastes and emissions
Net addition to stocks: NAS = DE + imports + balancing items (input side) – exports – DPO – balancing items (output side)
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26. Indicators: Intensive variables
Relative to Population: e.g. DMC per capita, DPO per capita
Relative to GDP:
Material productivity: GDP per unit of DMC or DMI
Material efficiency: DMC or DMI per unit of GDP
Relative to each other:
Share of renewables in DMC
Ratio of imports to DE
Ratio of exports to DMI
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27. MFA: Monitoring the resource base of the economy
Which materials are used? What share is extracted domestically? How significant is the dependency on imports for key resources? How does materials use change over time?
Consumption Indicators: Domestic material consumption is also equivalent to the “domestic waste potential”
Is the economy accumulating stocks?
DMC, Austria
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28. MFA: Monitoring the resource base of the economy
Which materials are used? What share is extracted domestically? How significant is the dependency on imports for key resources? How does materials use change over time?
Consumption Indicators: Domestic material consumption is also equivalent to the “domestic waste potential”
Is the economy accumulating stocks?
DE, Imports, Exports, Austria
Extraction
Imports
Exports
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29. Monitoring physical trade relations: Global division of labour or unequal exchange?
Argentina: Resource exporting country
Korea (Rep.): Resource importing country
Method development: Raw Material Equivalents (RME) of trade flows
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30. Countries show different patterns of material consumption:
MFA does not allow for simple conclusions on sustainability. The reasons for differences in material use are very divers and reflect resource endowment; economic structure (industries), technology, trade relations and wealth
Source: Eurostat 2009
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31. Material use (DMC 2000) vs. income (GDP/cap): Income explains only part of the cross country differences in material use (DMC)
R2 = 0.64
N = 175 countries
Year 2000
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32. Dematerialisation and Resource Productivity: creating more value with less resource
How does material use develop in relation to economic development? How does material productivity develop for different materials? Can we observe absolute or relative dematerialisation?
DMC per capita and Material Productivity
Austria,
Per capita DMC
Material productivity
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33. Dematerialisation and Resource efficiency: creating more value with less resource
How does material use develop in relation to economic development? How does material productivity develop for different materials? Can we observe absolute or relative dematerialisation?
Material Productivity for Biomass and Minerals
Austria,
Renewables
Mineral materials
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34. Economic development and materials use? Is there an inverted U-shape?
Source: OECD,
Eurostat/IFF 2004
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