2. THE COLD WAR vs Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Competition for world dominance and global power.
Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields Even though the threat of war was always present.
Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989.
It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world and themselves.
Constant state of military preparedness and arms race
Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism
US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism

3. Communism- a political system in with the government owns and controls all resources and means of production and makes all economic decisions.
Democracy- a system of government by the whole population exercise power either directly or through elections. Capitalist economy

4. The Cold War: Roots of the Conflict
Soviet Expansion:
· The Soviet Union occupied most of Eastern Europe by the end of World War II.

5. Satellite State When a nation is under the control of another.
Ex. Part of Germany was under the control of the Soviet Union.
Other examples: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria

6. The “Iron Curtain”
Iron curtain – term created by Winston Churchill (prime minister of great Britain) to describe the border between the soviet satellite states and western Europe.

7. Truman Doctrine [1947]
The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

8. Marshall Plan [1948] “European Recovery Program.”
Secretary of State, George Marshall
The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

9. * The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries between 1948 and 1952, helping to improve their economies and lessen the chance of communist revolutions.

10. CONTAINMENT POLICY 1950’s Soviet Union/China and Allies……..
map/cold war
1950’s
Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe
Soviet Union/China and Allies……..
US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

11. Focus on Berlin
After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops.
Occupation zones after Berlin is the multinational area within the Soviet zone.

12. Soviet blockade: East Berlin West Berlin
East Germany
West Germany
· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

13. Eventual site of the Berlin Wall
· In response, the Soviets cut off West Berlin from the rest of the world with a blockade.
Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

14. Berlin Airlift
· President Truman decided to avoid the blockade by flying in food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin.
· At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily.

15. NATO ALLIANCE AND WARSAW PACT

16. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
Military alliance to counter Soviet expansion.
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

17. Warsaw Pact (1955)
Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO
U. S. S. R.
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania

18. 1949, THE YEAR OF SHOCK China became a communistic country.
US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world
NATO

19. KOREAN WAR 1950 to 1953, North Korea invades South Korea.
North Korea was a communist nation and South Korea was a democracy.
First war of “containment” policy to stop communism
“Police Action” not a declared war

20. Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war
KOREAN WAR
Stalemate by 1953.
Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war
Divided at 38th parallel
Communism contained
Remains divided today

21. The Cold War At Home

22. Red Scare was Americans response to the fear of Communism
Senator Joseph McCarthy accused 205 US Govt. officials of being Communist.
McCarthyism to destroy or assassinate one’s character without proof and it ruined the careers of many Americans

23. McCarthyism Claimed 205 communists working for State Department
Attacked wealthy & privileged—popular appeal
Even Eisenhower wouldn’t challenge him

24. CIA Central Intelligence Agency- 1947
Intelligence gathering organization.

25. Eisenhower Doctrine 1957
Stated that the U.S. would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.

26. 1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK
On October 4, the Soviet Union launches Sputnik, the first man-made satellite to orbit the Earth.
Fearful of Soviet military control of space,  In 1958, the U.S. creates (NASA) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the space race is in full gear. 
NASA is a United States government agency that is responsible for science and technology related to air and space.

27. Castro takes power
January 1, 1959 leftist forces under Fidel Castro overthrow Cuba’s government.
Cuba becomes Communist.
Castro signs trade agreements with the Soviet Union.

28. Bay of Pigs
U.S.-organized invasion force of 1,400 Cuban exiles is defeated by Castro's government forces on Cuba's south coast at the Bay of Pigs.
Launched from Guatemala in ships and planes provided by the United States, the invaders surrender on April 20 after three days of fighting.
Kennedy takes full responsibility for the disaster.

29. Berlin Wall
On August 15, communist authorities begin construction on the Berlin Wall to prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin.

30. Cuban Missile Crisis
After Bay of Pigs invasion, the Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba on October 22 until the Soviet Union removed its missiles.
On October 28, the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles, defusing one of the most dangerous confrontations of the Cold War.

32. Berlin Wall falls
East Germany allows unrestricted migration to West Germany.
After massive public demonstrations in East Germany and Eastern Europe, East Germany removed the Berlin Wall November 9.
On October 3,1990, East and West Germany united as the Federal Republic of Germany.

33. 1991
The Soviet Union is abolished, and Boris Yeltsin becomes President of Russia.