1. Strata2.1
Forward Modeling to learn about the controls of Tectonics, sedimentation and eustasy on stratigraphic geometry
Strata2.1 is Open Source software was written by Flemings, Grotzinger, Morris and Nelson, 1996

2. Baltimore Canyon Trough
Movie produced by students Spinelli an Hotsinski
Sea-level drops produces major regional unconformity

3. Mixed Carbonate-clastic systems Middle to Late Ordovician, Central Pennsylvania
The following movie was created by Roberta Hotsinski and Andrew Hoover:

4. Low heat-flux rift basin
Sediment traps heat faster than it can escape (thermal blanket effect)

5. High sediment-flux rift basin
A thick thermal blanket traps heat in deeper parts of the basin

6. Near-forebulge stratigraphy
Prediction

7. Near-forebulge stratigraphy
Prediction

8. Near-forebulge stratigraphy
Prediction
Erosion

9. Near-forebulge stratigraphy
Prediction

10. Near-forebulge stratigraphy
Strata 2.1

11. Near-forebulge stratigraphy
Strata 2.1
Erosion

12. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction and composition
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

13. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction and composition
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

14. Sediment Types Clastic sediments Continental diffusion rate pelagic
Marine diffusion rate
Sediment flux
Sedimentation rates

15. q-volume sediment flux (m^2/s)
k- diffusion constant
h-elevation
x-horizontal distance
Continental diffusion rate
Values can vary across the model and input in tabular form (x q1; x2 q2; x3 q3 etc.)
Sedimentation rates

16. Sediment Types Carbonate sediments Sedimentation rates
Sedimentation rate types : simple exponential decay (“epeiric”)
Sedimentation rate types : constant and simple exponential decay below a certain depth (“oceanic”)
Sedimentation rates

17. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction and composition
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

18. Compaction and Composition
Porosity versus depth- exponential compaction relation
Sand-shale ratios based on water-depth or diffusion constants

19. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction behavior
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

20. Tectonic styles of subsidence
Subsidence increases linearly left to right (‘foreland’)
Subsidence is constant (flat geometry/’cratonic’)
Subsidence increases linearly right to left (‘passive’)
Simple elastic flexure or local isostasy (Te=0)

21. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction behavior
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

22. Sea-level changes As a file (all parameters can be entered as such)
As a sinusoid

23. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction behavior
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

24. Heat Flow mW/m^2 (e.g., 60 for continents)
Thermal conductivity is calculated as a funciton of the sand, shale and fluid content which may be derived from the sedimentation diffusion constants and water depths
Thermal maturation indices can then be calculated
Heat flow is one-dimensional (“hot-to-cold --`down-up”)

25. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction behavior
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

26. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction behavior
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

27. Wheeler Plot
Erosion
sea-level drop
time
distance

28. Input parameters in Strata
Sediment types
Compaction behavior
Tectonic styles
Sea-level changes
Heat flow
Output data in Strata (versus time)
Depth-sections
Time-sections
Wheeler plots
Seismic responses

29. Seismic Responses
Seismic velocity is calculated using the ration of sand, shale and water
Density for sand, shale and fluid is user-input
Seismic sections are displayed