1. Chapter 10 - Global Inequality

2. Global Stratification and Classification
A gini coefficient of 1 means that perfect inequality exists (the richest person holds ALL of the wealth in that country).
A gini coefficient of 0 means that perfect equality exists (the wealth in that country is distributed exactly equally amongst all citizens).
A. Global inequality
1. GINI coefficient

3. Global Stratification and Classification
A. Global inequality
2. Theoretical perspectives
a) Functionalist
b) Conflict
c) Symbolic interaction

4. Global Stratification and Classification
B. Global Stratification
1. global stratification
a) economic inequality

5. Global Stratification and Classification
B. Global Stratification
1. global stratification
b) Social inequality

6. Global Stratification and Classification
B. Global Stratification
1. global stratification
c) Gender inequality
Gender Inequality Index derived from factors, including the maternal mortality rate, the number of seats women hold in government bodies, and the labor force participation rate. The lower the number, the better the gender equality.

7. Global Stratification and Classification
B. Global Stratification
1. global stratification
d) Inequalities based on sexual orientation and gender identity exist around the globe.
In South Asia, a Hijra is a
transgender individual who
was assigned male at birth.
They are also known as Aravani, Aruvani or Jagappa.
LGBT rights around the world

8. Global Stratification and Classification
C. Global Classification
1. Cold War Terminology
a) First world
b) Third world
c) Second world
d) Fourth world
1st world – Blue
2nd world – Red
3rd world - Green
4th world

9. Global Stratification and Classification
C. Global Classification
2. World Systems Approach
a) Core nations
b) Peripheral nations
c) Semi-peripheral nations.

10. Global Stratification and Classification
C. Global Classification
3. World Bank Economic Classification by Income
a) High-Income Nations
(1) Capital flight
(2) Deindustrialization

11. Countries by external debt to GDP (Link)
Global Stratification and Classification
Each year on July 1, the analytical classification of the world's economies based on estimates of gross national income (GNI) per capita for the previous year is revised. As of 1 July 2016, lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $4,035; upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $4,036 and $12,475.
C. Global Classification
3. World Bank Economic Classification by Income
b) Middle-Income Nations
(1) Debt accumulation
Countries by external debt to GDP (Link)

12. Global Stratification and Classification
For the current 2018 fiscal year, low-income economies are defined as those with a GNI per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method, of $1,005 or less in 2016.
C. Global Classification
3. World Bank Economic Classification by Income
c) Low-Income Nations

13. Global Wealth and Poverty
A. Types of Poverty
1. Relative poverty - inability to reach a minimum accepted standard of living in a particular society

14. Global Wealth and Poverty
A. Types of Poverty
2. Absolute poverty
being unable to subsist, or being unable to eat, drink, have shelter and clothing

15. Global Wealth and Poverty
A. Types of Poverty
3. Subjective poverty – How a person or family defines themselves

16. Global Wealth and Poverty
B. Who Are the Impoverished?
1. Global Feminization of Poverty
a) The expansion in the number of female-headed households
b) The persistence and consequences of intra-household inequalities and biases against women
c) The implementation of neoliberal economic policies around the world
Neoliberalism is a policy model of social studies and economics that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector from the public sector. ... Neoliberal policies aim for a laissez-faire approach to economic development.
Female headed households Darker is greater percentage

17. Global Wealth and Poverty
B. Who Are the Impoverished?
2. Africa
3. Asia
4. MENA

18. Global Wealth and Poverty
C. Consequences of Poverty
1. The consequences of poverty are many.
2. Three main areas.
a) the sedimentation of global inequality
b) physical and mental health
c) prevalence of crime.

19. Global Wealth and Poverty
D. Slavery
1. Chattel slavery
2. Debt bondage
3. other forms of slavery

20. Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification
A. Modernization Theory
1. low-income countries are affected by their lack of industrialization and can improve their global economic standing through:
a) an adjustment of cultural values and attitudes to work
b) industrialization and other forms of economic growth
Shanghai – 1983 to 2014

21. Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification
B. Dependency Theory
Dependency Theory is the idea that that resources flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.