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Immigrants and Urbanization Chapter 7

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1 Immigrants and Urbanization Chapter 7
The New Immigrants 7.1 Notes

2 Why Come to America? Promise of better life
Escape difficult conditions Famine, land shortages, religious/political persecution “birds of passage” – temporary immigrants looking to earn money US = Land of opportunity Jobs “supposedly” plentiful

3 Europeans 1870-1920 – 20 million Southern and Eastern Europe
Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia Religious persecution Jews driven out of Russia Rising population Little farm land left, competition for industrial jobs People escaping political reform – looking for independence

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5 Chinese and Japanese 1851-1883 – 300,000 Chinese
Looking to discover gold – CA gold rush Build railroads Then mined, farmed, domestic service Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese workers Migrated to US after rumor of higher wages

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7 West Indies and Mexico 1880-1920 – 260,000 from West Indies
East and Southeast Jobs were scarce – looking for work Mexicans fleeing political turmoil 1902 national Reclamation Act Encouraged irrigation of arid land New farmland in Western states = more jobs Drew Mexican farm workers North 7% of Mexico’s population by 1930

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9 What Was It Like to Immigrate?
Difficult Journey Traveled by steamship Atlantic – 1 week / Pacific – 3 weeks Steerage – cheapest accommodations in cargo holds Could not go on deck – no fresh air Slept in beds infected by lice / shared bathrooms Disease spread quickly Some died along the way

10 Ellis Island – East Coast
Had to pass inspection – 5 hour process New York Harbor 20% detained for a day or more prior 2% denied entry Physical exam by doctor Contagious diseases (TB) or serious health problems – sent home immediately Gov’t inspector – checked documents 17 million passed through

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13 Requirements Proper paperwork Never convicted of a felony
Ability to work Show some money – at least $25

14 Angel Island – West Coast
Primarily Asians – 50,000 Chinese Harsh questioning Longer detaining period Buildings broken down and filthy

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