1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance

2. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
The ability of the body to work continuously for extended periods of time.
Benefits:
Increased energy
Less stress in their lives
Weight loss
More efficient heart
Increased bone density
Improved cognitive functioning

3. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic – continuous activity
that requires large amounts of oxygen done below 85% MHR.
Aerobic metabolism (using oxygen to break down fat & carbohydrates) generates ATP
Aerobic means “with oxygen”
Byproduct is carbon dioxide & water
Aerobic strengthens the heart, organs, lungs, burns fat, decreases risk for chronic disease, and increases aerobic threshold
Top aerobic exercises: rowing, running, swimming, cross-county skiing, etc.
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max):
the largest amount of oxygen your body is able to process (consume) during strenuous aerobic exercise.
Graded exercise test on treadmill or cycle. VO2 max is reached when oxygen consumption reaches “steady state” despite increased workout intensity. Higher in men. The drug EPO (erythropoietin) is used to increase VO2 max by stimulating red blood cell production.

4. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Anaerobic – activity that requires high levels of energy and is done for only a few seconds or minutes at a high level of intensity.
Anaerobic means “without oxygen”
Anaerobic training improves muscular strength, power, speed, and anaerobic threshold (point which lactic acid build up exceeds removal)
Top anaerobic activities: sprinting, High intensity interval training, jumping, power lifts
Generates 2 ATP (glycolysis)
Byproduct is lactic acid and heat

5. Your Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
Consist of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels
Also known as the Cardiorespiratory System
It is responsible for circulating oxygen rich blood to cells and removing carbon dioxide. The average human heart pumps 5 Liters of blood per day!

6. The Circulatory System
Hemoglobin – an iron rich compound in red blood cells that helps carry the oxygen and return carbon dioxide to the lungs.
-Disorder known as anemia (low RBC count); Sickle Cell (can result in abnormally shaped RBCs)
Properties of the Circulatory System
Stroke volume – the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is affected by preload, contractility, and afterload.
Cardiac Output- the volume of blood pumped per minute. Cardiac output is a product of stroke volume and heart rate.

7. The Circulatory System
3 Types of Blood Vessels:
Arteries/Arterioles – vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the major extremities – such as the arms, legs, and head
Capillaries – delivers oxygen and other nutrients to individual cells. Smallest of all vessels. Form connection between arteries & veins. Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration and is transported by carrier proteins back to the heart and lungs to be removed through exhalation.
Veins/Venules – deliver the deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

8. The Respiratory System
The body system that exchanges gases between your body and the environment
The principal organ: lungs
The lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, this is called respiration
Other parts: trachea (windpipe), bronchi (carry air to alveoli), alveoli (air sacs where exchange of oxygen takes place with capillaries), diaphragm (contracts and moves downward when we breath in; relaxes and moves upward when we expire air)

9. Problems of Your Heart & Lungs
Lifestyle Diseases – diseases that are result of certain lifestyle choices. Also called chronic diseases.
Cancers
Liver cirrhosis
Type 2 diabetes
COPD
Heart disease
Risk Factors- any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Sedentary lifestyle (inactivity)
Being overweight
Smoking or using tobacco in other forms
Eating foods high in fat & cholesterol
Alcohol/drug abuse
Exposure to unsafe air/water

10. Problems of Your Heart & Lungs
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) – medical disorder that affects the heart or blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis – a condition in which LDL cholesterol & fatty deposits called “plaque” build up on walls of arteries, restricting or cutting off blood flow; causes many of the main CVDs.
Heart Attacks – plaque build up ruptures causing clotting and cell death
Sudden Cardiac Death - electrical disturbance
Strokes – brain is cut off of blood & oxygen
Arrhythmias - irregular heart beat
Hypertension – High Blood Pressure
Coronary artery disease - narrowing/stiffening
of the arteries

11. Cares of Your Heart & Lungs
Take care of the Circulatory &
respiratory system
Change your lifestyle behaviors
Have your blood pressure and
cholesterol levels checked
Blood Pressure – The force of the blood in the main arteries.
Normal blood pressure 120/80
Systolic pressure – top number measures the greatest pressure point when the heart contracts
Diastolic pressure – bottom number measures lowest point when the heart relaxes