1. Citizen Science & Living Labs
Open Living Lab Days 2017

2. Energy Living Lab University of Applied Science Western Switzerland
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies
In situ experiments
Citizen at the beginning of the design
Quadruple Helix
Goal: increase social acceptance of technology

4. Why use citizen science ?
Attitude Behaviour gap
Tacite knowledge
Engagement of the citizen

5. Attitude-Behaviour Gap

6. Why is Participatory Action Research considered as «Extreme» Citizen Science ?

7. Science of Artificial
A paradigm is: «A beliefs system about what is a science, what it does study and how ». (Gavard-Perret, M. L., Gotteland, D., Haon, C., & Jolibert, A., 2008, p.13).
The science of the artificial paradigm as defined by Simon (1996) distinguished the artificial from the natural by four indicia:
Artificial things are synthesized […] by human beings
Artificial things may imitate appearances in natural things while lacking, in one or many respects, the reality of the latter.
Artificial things can be characterized in terms of functions, goals, adaptation.
Artificial things are often discussed, particularly when they are being designed, in terms of imperatives.

8. Epistemology
Epistemology is defined by Piaget as: « The study of the constitution of valid knowledge »2 (1967, p.6).
By valid knowledge, two points of view can be defined:
Epistemic value: does this research has a value for the development of the general knowledge?
Pragmatic value: does this research has a value for the managerial practice? (Gavard-Perret, et al., p.7).
Constructivism or positivism?

9. Extreme Citizen Science?
Implication of the citizen from the design phase
Science of artificial (Simon, 1996)
Participatory Applied Research
Multi-disciplinary: engineering, econometrics, social marketing
Constructivism: the observer cannot be separated from the observed subject.

10. Thanks for your attention!
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