1. Situation: the autotrophs have produced sugar and oxygen.
Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Now – how do we RELEASE the energy in that sugar?

2. Need to turn the sugar into
ATP is the cell’s energy molecule
ATP

3. What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

4. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the last P – P bond
Adenine P P
Adenine P P

5. How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase

6. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During cellular respiration
both plants & animals do it!

7. Cellular Respiration: releasing the energy in food as ATP

8. Question:
In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

9. Cellular Respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O+ energy
ATP

10. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?
In cytoplasm
1. Glycolysis (sugar is split)
In mitochondria:
2. The Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)
3. The Electron Transport Chain

11. ETC
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis

12. Look at textbook pp

13. Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose 2 pyruvic acid C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C + C-C-C

14. Mitochondria
Organelle where cellular respiration takes place.

15. Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle C-C-C CO2 & a whole bunch of NADHs

16. Electron Transport Chain
High energy electrons used to convert ADP to ATP

17. ATP + H2O Glycolysis C-C-C-C-C-C O2 C-C-C CR: 36 NET ATP ETC
Krebs Cycle
CO2 + NADH
ATP + H2O

18. Animation of CR: qcc. cuny
Animation of CR: qcc.cuny.edu/BiologicalSciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.html

19. But what happens when there is no oxygen present?

20. Only Glycolysis can occur
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C
ETC
Krebs Cycle

21. Fermentation Occurs when O2 is NOT present Two types:
AKA anaerobic respiration
Two types:
Lactic Acid fermentation (muscle cells)
Alcoholic fermentation (yeast)
Nets only 2 ATP (instead of 36)

22. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Animals (pain in muscle after workout) C
C C C C
Glycolysis
Pyruvic
acid
Lactic Acid
glucose

23. Alcohol Fermentation glucose Pyruvic Ethanol
Plants and Fungi  beer and wine C
C C C C
Glycolysis
Pyruvic
acid
Ethanol
glucose

24. Aerobic or Anaerobic Respiration

25. Question:
Glucose (carbohydrate) is the main source of food for making ATP from cellular respiration.
What other food molecules can be used in Cellular Respiration?

26. Other organic molecules used for fuel:
1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides
2. Fats: glycerols and fatty acids
3. Proteins: amino acids