1. Chapter 20 Section 1
The New Deal Begins

2. I. Introduction
FDR paralyzed by polio
eight years before becoming president
1. Most thought his days of
public service were over

3. Polio Polliomyelitis Causes paralysis in about 1% of people
Vaccine developed in 1950’s

4. March of Dimes

5. II. From Hyde Park to Washington
Born in Hyde Park, New
York

6. Believed in public service
1. Assistant Secretary of the Navy

7. 2. Governor of New York

8. Roosevelt took action against depression as Governor
Created state agencies to
aid poor
Unemployment Agency
Relief

9. D. Attracted nationwide attention
Democrats nominated FDR in 1932
Pledged a “new deal” for Americans
Won 42 states

10. III. Roosevelt Takes Charge
Country was in deep despair at start of presidency
1. Americans listened
intently to inauguration
speech

11. FDR Inauguration

12. 2. “Nothing to fear but fear
itself
3. Helped reassure the country
Ideas for Fighting the
Depression
C. Believed in bold action, but had no plan

13. Had three goals – The Three R’s
1. Relief – quick relief for
unemployed
2. Recovery – economic
recovery
3. Reform – reform economy so
depression would not happen
again

14. Few specific ideas 1. Brought open mind 2. Willing to experiment
The Brain Trust
1. Assembled able group of advisers
2. Press named them the “Brain
Trust”

15. Frances Perkins
a. Worked with Jane Addams at
Hull House
b. Child labor reform
c. Appointed Secretary of Labor
d. First Female Cabinet member

16. Frances Perkins

17. G. The Fireside Chats
FDR often spoke to
America through radio
2. Sunday evening addresses known as fireside chats
3. Did much to increase FDR’s popularity

18. First president to use power of mass media

19. IV. The Bank Crisis
By time FDR took office,
people had lost faith in banks
1. Thousands of banks had
failed
2. Panic spread
3. Run on banks

20. Two days after entering office, FDR declared “Bank Holiday”
Four days
No business other than accepting deposits
Created board to deal with bank crisis
Only healthy banks could reopen

21. More than 12,000 banks back in business

22. C. Congress passed other laws to strengthen banks
Bankers could not speculate
FDIC set up to insure all bank deposits up to $5,000

23. V. Hundred Days
Passage of 15 major new laws
1. Established government
agencies to battle Great
Depression

24. 2. Not all worked, but
showed Americans hope
3. Dealt with most
pressing issues

25. B. Farmers badly hurt by Great Depression
Main problem – growing too much crops
New Deal solution – Farmers paid for not planting

26. C. FDR worked to restore faith in stock market
Crashed partly due to unwise investments
New laws required sellers of stocks to give honest info.
SEC created to regulate the stock market

27. D. FDR created many new agencies
Emergency Banking Relief
Act (EBRA)
2. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
3. National Recovery Act (NRA)

28. Showed Americans FDR was taking action

29. E. Conserving the land
FDR used power to gov. to preserve natural resources
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
a. Given control of
Tennessee River Valley

30. b. Virginia, N. Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky

31. Flooding caused erosion of topsoil
Hills stripped for lumber
Built 38 dams
Hydroelectric power
Built hospitals and schools
Doctors cured malaria

32. New industries attracted to area because of cheap power
j. Critics argued against gov. interfering in economy

33. CCC – Civilian Conservation Corp
a. Outdoor projects for men
18-25
b. Road construction,
reforestation, flood control,
park improvements

34. More than 2.5 million men had worked for CCC

35. F. Help for Business and Farmers
NRA – National Recovery
Administration
a. Set code of conduct for
business
b. Companies allowed to
fix prices

36. c. Had to limit working hours

37. AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Administration
a. Controlled amount of crops
produced
b. Paid farmers not to plant

38. Agricultural Adjustment Administration

39. During the Great Depression of the
1930s, agricultural price support
programs led to vast amounts of food
being deliberately destroyed at a time
when malnutrition was a serious
problem in the United States.... For
example, the government bought 6
million hogs in 1933 alone and
destroyed them. Huge amounts of
farm produce were plowed under, in
order to keep it off the market and
maintain prices at the officially fixed
level, and vast amounts of milk were
poured down the sewers for the same
reason. Meanwhile, many American
children were suffering from diseases
caused by malnutrition.[