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Chapter 20 Section 1 The New Deal Begins.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 20 Section 1 The New Deal Begins."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 20 Section 1 The New Deal Begins

2 I. Introduction FDR paralyzed by polio eight years before becoming president 1. Most thought his days of public service were over

3 Polio Polliomyelitis Causes paralysis in about 1% of people
Vaccine developed in 1950’s

4 March of Dimes

5 II. From Hyde Park to Washington
Born in Hyde Park, New York

6 Believed in public service
1. Assistant Secretary of the Navy

7 2. Governor of New York

8 Roosevelt took action against depression as Governor
Created state agencies to aid poor Unemployment Agency Relief

9 D. Attracted nationwide attention
Democrats nominated FDR in 1932 Pledged a “new deal” for Americans Won 42 states

10 III. Roosevelt Takes Charge
Country was in deep despair at start of presidency 1. Americans listened intently to inauguration speech

11 FDR Inauguration

12 2. “Nothing to fear but fear
itself 3. Helped reassure the country Ideas for Fighting the Depression C. Believed in bold action, but had no plan

13 Had three goals – The Three R’s
1. Relief – quick relief for unemployed 2. Recovery – economic recovery 3. Reform – reform economy so depression would not happen again

14 Few specific ideas 1. Brought open mind 2. Willing to experiment
The Brain Trust 1. Assembled able group of advisers 2. Press named them the “Brain Trust”

15 Frances Perkins a. Worked with Jane Addams at Hull House b. Child labor reform c. Appointed Secretary of Labor d. First Female Cabinet member

16 Frances Perkins

17 G. The Fireside Chats FDR often spoke to America through radio 2. Sunday evening addresses known as fireside chats 3. Did much to increase FDR’s popularity

18 First president to use power of mass media

19 IV. The Bank Crisis By time FDR took office, people had lost faith in banks 1. Thousands of banks had failed 2. Panic spread 3. Run on banks

20 Two days after entering office, FDR declared “Bank Holiday”
Four days No business other than accepting deposits Created board to deal with bank crisis Only healthy banks could reopen

21 More than 12,000 banks back in business

22 C. Congress passed other laws to strengthen banks
Bankers could not speculate FDIC set up to insure all bank deposits up to $5,000

23 V. Hundred Days Passage of 15 major new laws 1. Established government agencies to battle Great Depression

24 2. Not all worked, but showed Americans hope 3. Dealt with most pressing issues

25 B. Farmers badly hurt by Great Depression
Main problem – growing too much crops New Deal solution – Farmers paid for not planting

26 C. FDR worked to restore faith in stock market
Crashed partly due to unwise investments New laws required sellers of stocks to give honest info. SEC created to regulate the stock market

27 D. FDR created many new agencies
Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) 2. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 3. National Recovery Act (NRA)

28 Showed Americans FDR was taking action

29 E. Conserving the land FDR used power to gov. to preserve natural resources Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) a. Given control of Tennessee River Valley

30 b. Virginia, N. Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky

31 Flooding caused erosion of topsoil
Hills stripped for lumber Built 38 dams Hydroelectric power Built hospitals and schools Doctors cured malaria

32 New industries attracted to area because of cheap power
j. Critics argued against gov. interfering in economy

33 CCC – Civilian Conservation Corp
a. Outdoor projects for men 18-25 b. Road construction, reforestation, flood control, park improvements

34 More than 2.5 million men had worked for CCC

35 F. Help for Business and Farmers
NRA – National Recovery Administration a. Set code of conduct for business b. Companies allowed to fix prices

36 c. Had to limit working hours

37 AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Administration
a. Controlled amount of crops produced b. Paid farmers not to plant

38 Agricultural Adjustment Administration

39 During the Great Depression of the
1930s, agricultural price support programs led to vast amounts of food being deliberately destroyed at a time when malnutrition was a serious problem in the United States.... For example, the government bought 6 million hogs in 1933 alone and destroyed them. Huge amounts of farm produce were plowed under, in order to keep it off the market and maintain prices at the officially fixed level, and vast amounts of milk were poured down the sewers for the same reason. Meanwhile, many American children were suffering from diseases caused by malnutrition.[


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