1. Fifty Years of Dialysis in Africa: Challenges and Progress
Rashad S. Barsoum, MD, FRCP, FRCPE, Soha S. Khalil, BPharmSc, Fatiu A. Arogundade, MD 
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 
Volume 65, Issue 3, Pages (March 2015)
DOI: /j.ajkd
Copyright © 2015 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Map of Africa shows the geographical distinction between the Sahara and Sub-Sahara and the political zones adopted by the United Nations.
Reproduced from Barsoum8 with permission of the publisher. Copyright 2012 World Scientific Publishing Co.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2015 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Annual MEDLINE publications for dialysis from 1950 to Lines show (left axis) global number of publications and (right axis) publications arising from Africa.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2015 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
The effect of wars and other forms of violence on the development of maintenance dialysis programs in Africa (explanation in text). ∗Independence pre-1950: South Africa, 1910; Egypt, 1922; Ethiopia, ∗∗Malawi started maintenance dialysis program in 2011.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2015 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions