1. End of the Qing

2. A. The Taiping Rebellion
1. Taiping Rebellion ( ) broke out in province w/ poor farmland, endemic poverty, & ethnic divisions
- Hakka people lowest social class

3. 2. founder of the Taiping movement: Hong Xiuquan (from Hakka minority)
- Hong met Christian missionaries in Canton
- Hong declared himself the brother of Jesus
- religious group: “Kingdom of Heavenly Peace”
Goal: expel the Manchus

5. B. Effects of the Taiping Rebellion
bloodiest civil war in history (20-30 million dead)
Nanking controlled by rebels for 10 years
Britain & France joined the Qing’s against rebels

6. C. End of the Qing Qing treasury bankrupt…
local governors seized power
- British influence of emperor
“Dowager” Empress Cixi (r ):
- former concubine
- ruled through son & then nephew
- conservative ruler
- overthrew “100 Days’ Reform”
- expelled foreigners (supported
“Boxer Rebellion”)
- modernized military
- symbol of corruption
- ruled until 1908

8. Last Emperor of China: Puyi (1908-1911)