1. Ms. Susan Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Age of Jackson
Ms. Susan Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Edited by Gelber

2. Champion of the “Common Man”?
Essential Question:
Champion of the “Common Man”?
“King” Andrew? OR

3. “Jacksonian democracy” in “Age of Common Man”
“Grassroots” movement
AJ not spokesman
But symbol for ambitious, patriotic younger men.

4. What were the
democratic
trends
in the 19c?

5. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

6. Voter Turnout:

7. Why Increased Democratization?
White male suffrage increased
Party nominating committees.
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.
More officials elected than appointed (ex: judges)
Spoils system.
Rise of Third Parties.
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats)
End to state supported churches
More educated people, more political coverage in newspapers

8. Jackson's
First
Presidential Run

9. The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

10. Results of the 1824 Election
A “Corrupt Bargain?”

11. What were
the key issues
in 1828?

12. Rachel Jackson
Final Divorce Decree

13. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

14. 1828 Election Results

15. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

16. The New “Jackson Coalition”
The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils system
Immigrants in the cities.

17. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.
Unlike JQA who was seen as aristocratic

18. 1828 Campaign Little revealed about AJ’s actual views on issues
One thing known about AJ: militant advocate of Indian removal from Southern states

19. Beginning of 2nd American party system
AJ supporters = “Democrats” or “Democrat-Republicans”
AJ opponents (JQA supporters) = “National Republicans”

20. The Inauguration: Reign of “King Mob”

21. Andrew Jackson as President

22. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Rift with Calhoun

23. The
Nullification
Crisis

24. Sen. Daniel Webster [MA]
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel Webster [MA]
Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

25. The
Tariff
Issue

26. 1832 Tariff Conflict 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination”
> new tariff
South Carolina’s reaction?

27. Calhoun: The SC Exposition & Protest”
Opposed nationalistic ideas
Argued tariff unconstitutional
Believed states had right to nullify laws w/in their borders
Calhoun had formerly been strong nationalist, War Hawk in 1811, pro- tariff in 1816
But now Calhoun = states’ rights sectionalist

28. “Olive Branch & the Sword”
Jackson’s response?
“Olive Branch & the Sword”
Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff & Force Bill
AJ didn’t have strong convictions about tariff issue…so why so forceful here?

29. AJ’s Use of Federal Power
1830  VETOED Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]
This also showed AJ pro-states rights & anti-federal aid for internal improvements

30. Jackson's
Native-American
Policy

31. Indian Removal Jackson’s Goal? 1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831): Cherokees could not sue in fed ct b/c not a state or foreign nation
* “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832): Cherokees entitled to federal govt protection & Ga couldn’t remove them
Jackson ignored decision: “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”

32. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

33. Indian Removal

34. Trail of Tears ( )

35. Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

36. AJ seemed to support states rights here…
But only b/c it suited his position on Indians, wanted to open up West to settlers

37. Renewing
the Charter
of the
1st National Bank

38. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle

39. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.

40. An 1832 Cartoon:
“King Andrew”?

41. 1832 Election Results
Main
Issue?

42. After re-election, Bank War resumes w/ vengeance.
AJ wouldn’t let bank die a natural death when charter ran out in 1836
Wanted to smash it
Started policy of removing federal deposits from Bank of US & placing in state banks

43. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
“pet banks”?
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

44. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

45. The Specie Circular (1836) “wildcat banks.”
buy future federal land only with gold or silver.
Jackson’s goal?

46. Results of the Specie Circular
Banknotes lose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

47. AJ left office very popular, hailed as “greatest man of his age”
Dur AJ’s 2nd term, Natl Repub Party had become  Whig party
2nd American Party system fully formed by 1840

48. Was AJ for a strong national govt or pro-states rights?
Strong Unionist in tariff & nullification crisis
But a defender of states’ rights:
Mayville Rd bill veto
Distribution of federal revenue surplus to states
Bank War
Indian removal

49. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

50. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

51. Evolution of Jacksonian Democracy
(1) Suspicion of upper classes & big biz
opposition to Bank of US
(2) Freedom of econ opportunity for whites
Indian removal
(3) Increased voting rights
(4) Opening of political process to middle & lower classes
attracted immigrants & Catholics

52. Who were the Whigs? (the anti-Jacksonians)
Hamiltonians who believed in a national econ approach
Extremist states rts advocates following Calhoun
Well-educated people alienated by AJ’s common-ness
Generally those who disliked AJ

53. Most prominent Whig leaders
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster

54. AJ’s Specie Circular & bank war not only factors causing depression.
Also int’l reasons Brit had limited flow of specie from Brit to US in 1836
More severe & prolonged than 1819 downturn

55. President Van Buren Jacksonian laissez-faire approach to depression
Rejected nationalist ideas offered by Whigs
Instead, MVB tried to “divorce” govt from banking by creating an “independent treasury”
Lock away govt surplus $ and keep it safe until needed + all paymts to govt made in specie.

56. Negative impact of “independent treasury”
Wildcat banks, fraud, counterfeiting
Amer currency in chaos
But did prevent banks from over-expansion
Impact eased somewhat b/c more availability of gold & silver

58. William Henry Harrison
“Log cabin campaign”
Not controversial, famed Indian fighter, cider drinker!
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
MVB cast by Whigs as elitist, aristocratic  
Huge # more people voted in 1840
More interest due to depression & populist-style campaign.