1. The “After-War” Years

2. Judiciary Act of 1789
Supreme Court – 6 judges
First Chief Justice – John Jay

3. George Washington
Unanimously elected president in 1789

4. Cabinet
Group of leaders appointed to help the president run the government

5. Washington’s Cabinet Secretary of War -- Henry Knox
Secretary of the Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson
Attorney General – Edmond Randolph

6. First Two-Party System Federalists v. Republicans, 1780’s - 1801
Favored strong central government
Loose interpretation of Constitution
Encouraged commerce & manufacturing
Strongest in Northeast
Favored close ties with Britain
Emphasized order & stability
Republicans
Emphasized states’ rights
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Preferred agriculture & rural life
Strongest in South & West
Foreign policy sympathized with France
Stressed civil liberties & trust in the people

7. Articles of Confederation

8. Powers of Continental Congress
Declaring war
Raising an army and navy
Making treaties
Borrowing money
Establishing a postal system
Conducting business with Native Americans and other countries

9. Weaknesses National government – weaker than state governments
Continental Congress (Confederation Congress) – could make laws but not enforce them

10. Bill of Rights One of the first priorities facing the new government
First ten amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1791
Provided safeguards for some of America’s most precious principles

11. “The West”

12. Population Growth
1780 – 1790 – Western population grew from 2,000 to 100,000

13. Land Ordinance of 1785
Provided a more orderly method for settling land north of the Ohio River.

14. Land Ordinance of 1785

15. Northwest Ordinance--1787
Made provisions for governing the new territory.

16. Northwest Territory

17. Northwest Ordinance
No less than 3 & no more than 5 territories could be formed by Congress dividing the land

18. Northwest Ordinance Three requirements to become a state:
Congress to appoint territorial governor & judges
5,000 voting residents – settlers write temporary constitution & elect government
Population 60,000 – write state constitution—approved by Congress--statehood