1. Participles
Participle: A verb that is used as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun.
Usually end in –ing or –ed.
EX: Walking through the woods, I saw a large bear.
EX: The woods, located outside of the city, was known as a home of many bears.

2. Identify the Participle in each sentence.
Shaped like a flag, the sand sculpture won first prize.
Jess, slipping on a banana peel, let out a shout of surprise.
The lion basking in the sun looked sleepy.
Her dad comforted her with a reassuring smile.

3. Dangling Participles
A dangling participle occurs when the participle does not modify any noun or pronoun in the sentence.
EX: Walking out of the water, our beach umbrella was visible.
FIXED: Walking out of the water, I saw our beach umbrella.

4. Fix the Dangling Participles in each sentence below.
Taking on water quickly, the sailors thought the ship would sink.
Skidding to a halt, Marcy was almost hit by the car.
Refusing to wear sunscreen at the beach, the hot sun burnt my nose.
Running for hours, the race was finally finished.

5. Gerunds A Gerund is a verb ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
EX: Hunting is something I have never done before.
EX: The most important part is learning how to stay safe.

6. Identify the gerunds in each sentence below.
Her singing is hurting my ears.
The basketball team practiced passing on Friday.
John was punished for cheating on the test.
Writing is a skill that is always good to have.

7. Infinitives
An Infinitive is a verb that can be used as a verb, a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Usually follows the word to.
EX: To understand hunting protocol is very important.
EX: The goal is to have fun and stay safe.

8. Identify the infinitives in the sentences below.
To succeed takes courage, foresight, and a little bit of luck.
Stranded on the deserted island, all I wanted was to survive.
Ben and Zach tried to follow directions, but they were too easily distracted.
After being mugged, Brian’s next decision was to call the cops.