1. TDT4252 Modelling of Information Systems Advanced Course
Sobah Abbas Petersen
Adjunct Associate Professor
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

2. Today’s Lecture AKM in Industry: an example Based on:
Purpose: To describe an approach of how AKM can be applied in an enterprise or business network setting.
Based on: Lecture slides from Spring 2009, by John Krogstie and a presentation by Håvard Jørgensen, Commitment AS
Based on:
Lillehagen and Krogstie (2008), Chapters 7, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

3. Customer Problem Approaches
Customer problem analysis; - from strategic planning, to competence and operational problem solving – problem decides main focus!
Target setting based on analysis – steady improvements or radical changes based on new ways of working, decides ambition of project.
Level of ambition
Modelling for understanding and learning
Modelling for role-specific work process improvement
Modelling for new ways of designing and engineering solutions
Modelling to support active knowledge driven continuous solutions
Critical factors
Urgency wrt. market demand, trends, and competition
Available resources and return of investment (ROI) analyses
Degree of customer personell involvement
Avoiding technology islands, become IT expert independent
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

4. Project Approach / Methodology
Concept, exploring main objectives and overall solution approaches
Scaffolding creates an overview of current ways of working
Scenarios are developed in close interaction with users
Solution configuration defines views and workplaces
Platform configuration integrates pre-existing applications and data
Platform delivery includes training and practicing
Performing agile business, continuously adapting and extending the solution
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

5. Knowledge Architecture Driven Approach
Top-down modeling
Middle-up-down
modeling
Continuous extension
Knowledge architecture
Bottom-up Modeling
Platform Integration
Platform Delivery
Solutions
Configuration
Performance Improvement
Concept
Scaffolding
Scenarios
Customer Delivery Process
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

6. Concurrent Teamworking
User Solution Model
Requirement
Component
Design concept
Technical constraint
Structural Rule
Variant parameter
Solution Configuration Model
Information
Role
View
Task
Software development
Configurable Visual Workplaces
EKA Model Repository
Configurable Task Patterns
Configurable Rule Execution
Configurable Product Platforms
Configures
Is reflected in
Supports
User team
Solution configuration team
Infrastructure team
Concurrent Teamworking
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

7. Developing the Active Knowledge Architecture - AKA Building layers of reflective methodic and operational knowledge
AKM Modelling
CPPD Components
System Integration Platform
AKA Methodology Platform
Core Software Platform
AKM Software Components
Customer Delivery Platform
Partnering Innovation Platform
Systems Engineer
Systems Integrator
Methods Engineers
Modelling Facilitator
Customer Users - designers
Suppliers &Service Providers
The AKA, Partnering Innovation and Customer Delivery Platforms must be developed in a teaming effort applying the IRTV language, capturing POPS, and other views!
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

8. The Role of Partners AKM defines a library of basic elements
Information elements (basic types used for modeling)
Tasks (edit object, relate objects, define structure, define interface etc.)
Views (for each of the generic tasks, adapted to information element type)
Roles (responsible, manager, customer etc.)
Methodology & service providers should define
Task patterns with roles
Views for each task
... still on a rather generic level, e.g. independently of concrete information content?
User teams should define
Concrete task patterns with roles
Concrete information structures
Possibly customise existing views
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

9. Solution configuration
1. Concept Selection
Capture the main objectives and challenges
Experiment with existing concepts
Make the users familiar with modeling
Trigger discussions about opportunities
Existing solution concepts
Previous projects
Methodologies already in use by the company
Methodologies in use in the industry
AKM methodologies for e.g. product design
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

10. Objectives Model Example
An instantiated model
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

11. Objectives and Issues Meta- model Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

12. Solution Concepts Meta- model Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

13. Argumentation Meta- model Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

14. Decision
Meta- model
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

15. 2. Scaffolding - Get an Overview
Top-down modeling
Capture the domain as an active knowledge model
The stakeholders and roles
The main tasks they perform
The information they use and produce
Main views and perspectives
Raise the customer’s understanding of modelling.
Suggested to proceed with the analysis mainly in the above order.
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

16. Scaffolding Model
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

17. Key Questions for the Modeling Session
Information
What information do you need to perform your work?
What is hard to find today?
Roles
Who do you collaborate with, on what?
What is their expertise?
Tasks
What do you do?
What are your responsibilities?
Views
What should your workplace on the computer look like?
What should it contain?
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

18. Solution configuration
Scenario modelling
Bottom-up Modeling
Modelling the core competences of the enterprise as work-processes for execution as task patterns.
Scoping, select a narrower set of
Roles
Tasks
that the further analysis should focus on
Which workplaces to demonstrate
Which people to involve in the modelling
Criteria for selection
Demonstrate holistic approach, but simplified
Concrete case if possible
Assess benefits and values
Reuse and adapt existing solution concepts
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

19. Build Scenario Models Detailed modelling of the selected scope:
Information structures from documents
Tasks from project handbook
Interviews and discussions with stakeholders
Add context
Where does the information come from?
Who do we need to communicate with?
How will the information we produce here be used, by who, when, to do what?
Main need to narrow the scope.
UML Use case modeling:
Similar approach with roles and tasks
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

20. Refined Model of Scope Selected roles
Decomposition of concept selection tasks for selected roles
Outlining the main views (status of information)
Defining the main technical concepts elaborated during the work
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

21. Detailed Information Analysis
As-is, for every role
Which information do they process?
Which information do they send to others?
Which information do they receive from others?
Which information do they own?
How much do they see of the work of others and the discussion in other engineering disciplines?
In which areas do they propose new solution alternatives?
To-be views
Needs and opportunities for improved knowledge sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

22. Role Views (Initial)
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

23. Role Views (Improved)
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

24. Solution Configuration
Middle-up-down
modeling
To externalise holistic and pragmatic enterprise knowledge and to present it in an Enterprise Knowledge Architecture.
Define workplaces and views for selected users.
Define templates
Information templates
Objects with properties and parameters
Reusable structures
Patterns of relationships to be managed
Task pattern templates
Interactive tasks performed by users in model-configured views
Workflow processes, event-driven tasks
Scripts
Modelled rules
Define initial model content, test data
Users
Project data
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

25. Solution Modelling – Modelling Aspects
Business Process hierarchy (top down)
Work Processes (bottom up). Task patterns that are modelled already are adapted. Task patterns are linked to process hierarchy.
Develop common views among stakeholders (middle-out).
Product modelling (lifecycle aspects, components, etc.).
Product structures – conceptual design of products.
Organisational modelling: competences, responsibilities, etc.
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

26. Model-Configured Workplace
for Role
Available tasks in view
Available tasks for person/role
View for performing a task on an object
Information elements filtered for role, task, view
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

27. View Modeling View: Defines what to show in which context. Context
Information content
Roles of current user
Task being performed
And related tasks available as services
Two main types of views
Dynamic views defined as queries
Static views
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

28. Visual Queries The objects to show are parts of the query object
The primary objects have a member relationship from the query object
Secondary objects to include if they are linked to the primary
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

29. Visual Queries - Paths
Paths consisting og multiple links may be applied.
Objects are included if they are members of the type in the criteria.
And the relationship that links the objects is a member of the relationship type used in the query.
Recursive paths are allowed.
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

30. Visual Queries – Property Values
Property criteria may be added
Use the ”has criteria” relationship type
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

31. Visual Queries – My tasks
Objects linked to the current context may be selected
Current task
Current project
Current user
Current information element
Use the ”Current” as the name of the object
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

32. Platform Configuration
Integrating other systems and tools by modelling other systems data models and other aspects, often expressed as UML models.
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

33. Solution configuration
Platform Delivery
Continuous extension
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Adapts services to continuous growth and change by providing services to perform extensions and still keep consistency and compliance across platforms and networks.
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

34. Performance Improvement
Continuous extension
Continuously performing improvements and adaptations and providing services to semi-automatically adjust models.
Re-generate model-configured and model-generated workspaces and services, tuning solutions to produce the desired effects.
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

35. Solution configuration
Summary
Scaffolding
Scenario modeling
Solution configuration
Platform integration
Platform delivery
Performing
Concept
A method to use AKM in industry.
Model to capture the enterprise knowledge.
Generate views using the model.
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011

36. Next Lecture Monday 21 march 2011, 15-17hrs
Introduction to Enterprise Architecture
Based on: Roger Sessions, A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies, ObjectWatch, White paper, May 2007.
Zachman’s Framework,
Lecure 13 - AKM in Industry
TDT4252, Spring 2011