1. Kingdoms

2. The Kingdoms of Life
Biologists have organized living things into large groups called Kingdoms.
Biologists group organisms into six Kingdoms based on RNA and DNA sequencing and similarities:
Cell Type
Organisms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
Cell Walls
Body Type
Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular.
Nutrition
Organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.

3. Words and Terms to Know
Prokaryotic – no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. These are the most primitive cells
Eukaryotes – have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Autotrophs – Make their own food
Heterotrophs – Obtain their food by ingestion
Unicellular-1 cell, Multicellular-many cells
Sexual reproduction-2 parents Asexual-1 parent

4. Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall
Some autotrophic/heterotrophic
Asexual reproduction (binary fission)
Ex.- bacteria
Live almost everywhere, some are beneficial, some cause disease.

5. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic, cell wall, unicellular
asexual reproduction, binary fission
Some autotroph/heterotroph

6. Kinds of Archaebacteria
Ex.-Methanogens
Produce methane gas.
Methanogens live deep in the mud of swamps and are poisoned by even traces of oxygen.
Ex.-Extremophiles
live in very hot places, very salty lakes, live in very acidic places or under enormous pressure.

7. Kingdom Protista most diverse. Many are unicellular.
Eukaryotic, All single celled eukaryotes are protist
Most are microscopic
Some cell wall
Some autotrophic, heterotrophic, some sexual, many asexual
Ex. Paramecium, amoeba, euglena, algae

8. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic, has cell wall
Most multicellular, yeasts are unicellular.
reproduce asexual and sexual methods.
do not move from place to place.
heterotrophs.
EX- mold, mildew, yeast, mushrooms

9. Kingdom Plantae complex multicellular autotrophs.
specialized eukaryotic cells, cell walls, and tissues.
cannot move from one place to another.
Reproduce sexually and asexually

10. Kingdom Animalia Complex, multicellular heterotrophs.
eukaryotic, lack a cell wall, and are
organized as tissues.
are able to move rapidly in complex ways
Most animals reproduce sexually.
Almost all animals (99%) are invertebrates; they lack a backbone.
Of more than 1 million living species, only about 42,500 have a backbone; they are referred to as vertebrates.
The animal kingdom includes about 35 phyla, most of which live in the sea.