1. ELASTIC WAVES AND SOUND
I.I.S. “BERETTA” – LICEO SCIENTIFICO “MORETTI”
From Finland
To Italy
Through
CLIL PHYSICS:
ELASTIC WAVES AND SOUND

2. We will consider two basic types of waves:
the nature of waves
1) Choose the correct word:
A wave has two main characteristics: 1. it is a travelling energy/disturbance; 2. it carries energy/disturbance from one place to another.
We will consider two basic types of waves:
For transverse/longitudinal waves: the direction of the disturbance (displacement) is perpendicular/parallel to the direction of wave motion.
For transverse/longitudinal waves: the direction of the disturbance (displacement) is perpendicular/parallel to the direction of wave motion.

3. We will consider two basic types of waves:
the nature of waves
1) Choose the correct word: KEYS
A wave has two main characteristics: 1. it is a travelling energy/disturbance; 2. it carries energy/disturbance from one place to another.
We will consider two basic types of waves:
For transverse/longitudinal waves: the direction of the disturbance (displacement) is perpendicular/parallel to the direction of wave motion.
For transverse/longitudinal waves: the direction of the disturbance (displacement) is perpendicular/parallel to the direction of wave motion.

4. periodic waves: spatial dependence
2) Fill in each gap the correct word from the list: position, patterns, amplitude A, periodic, successive, length,series, source, displacement, wavelength λ, cycle
Transverse and longitudinal waves are called ………….. waves because they consist of regularly repeating …………….. that are produced over and over again by the ………….
Example: draw a transverse momentum wave and define the amplitude and wavelength. These definitions also apply to longitudinal waves.
In the diagram, a single of the wave is highlighted in colour. A wave is a …………… of these repeating cycles.
The ……………………….. is the maximum ……………………… of a particle from its undisturbed ……………………...
The …………………………….. is the spatial period of the wave in the direction of motion: the horizontal …………………. of one cycle of the wave or the distance between any two ……………………………. points with the same phase.

5. periodic waves: spatial dependence
2) Fill in each gap the correct word from the list: KEYS
Transverse and longitudinal waves are called periodic waves because they consist of regularly repeating patterns that are produced over and over again by the source
Example: draw a transverse momentum wave and define the amplitude and wavelength. These definitions also apply to longitudinal waves.
In the diagram, a single cycle of the wave is highlighted in colour. A wave is a series of these repeating cycles.
The amplitude A is the maximum displacement of a particle from its undisturbed position
The wavelength λ is the spatial period of the wave in the direction of motion: the horizontal length. of one cycle of the wave or the distance between any two successive points with the same phase.

6. periodic waves: time dependence
3) Fill in each gap the correct word from the list: simple, required, as well as, one, relationship, time, single, wave, frequency.
A ………………… can be described as a function of ……………….. by observing the change in displacement of a ……………………….. point on the wave. As the wave passes, the point under observation oscillates in ………………. harmonic.
The period T [s] is the time …………….. for ……………. complete cycle. It is related to the ………………… by: f = 1/T [Hz].
For any periodic wave, the …………………..between period, wavelength, and speed is given by:
This relationship applies to longitudinal ………………… to transverse waves.

7. periodic waves: time dependence
3) Fill in each gap the correct word from the list: KEYS
A wave can be described as a function of time by observing the change in displacement of a single point on the wave. As the wave passes, the point under observation oscillates in simple harmonic.
The period T [s] is the time required for one. complete cycle. It is related to the frequency by: f = 1/T [Hz].
For any periodic wave, the relationship between period, wavelength, and speed is given by:
This relationship applies to longitudinal as well as to transverse waves.

8. Sound cannot propagate ….. a vacuum.
the nature of sound
4) Complete the text: the, or, by (2), with, as, up, of, in (2), per.
Sound is carried …….. longitudinal waves that are created ……. vibrating objects, such ……. a guitar string …… human vocal cords, or the diaphragm ……. a loudspeaker.
Sound can be created or transmitted only …… a medium, such as a gas, liquid, …… solid.
Sound cannot propagate ….. a vacuum.
A sound can be made ……. of several overlapping waves with different frequencies. A sound …….. a single frequency is called a pure tone.
Sound has an associated frequency, which is the number of cycles ….. second passing a given location.

9. Sound cannot propagate in a vacuum.
the nature of sound
4) Complete the text: KEYS
Sound is carried by longitudinal waves that are created by vibrating objects, such as a guitar string, the human vocal cords, or the diaphragm of a loudspeaker.
Sound can be created or transmitted only in a medium, such as a gas, liquid, or solid.
Sound cannot propagate in a vacuum.
A sound can be made up of several overlapping waves with different frequencies. A sound with a single frequency is called a pure tone.
Sound has an associated frequency, which is the number of cycles per second passing a given location.

10. The speed of sound and the speed of light
5) Working in pairs, discuss the table and the picture:
Sound travels through …………………………………………………………………………… The speed of wave depends on …………………………………………………………………
The speed of sound and the speed of light
substance
speed
(m/s)
gases
air (20 °C)
343
helium (0 °C)
965
liquid
mercury (20 °C)
1,450
seawater (20 °C)
1,522
solid
copper
5,010
glass (pyrex)
5,640
steel
5,960
The speed of light is ………………………………
Therefore, lightning and thunder …………………

11. The speed of sound and the speed of light
5) Working in pairs, discuss the table and the picture: KEYS
Sound travels through gases, liquids, and solids at considerably different speeds The speed of wave depends on the properties of the medium it is travelling in.
The speed of sound and the speed of light
substance
speed
(m/s)
gases
air (20 °C)
343
helium (0 °C)
965
liquid
mercury (20 °C)
1,450
seawater (20 °C)
1,522
solid
copper
5,010
glass (pyrex)
5,640
steel
5,960
The speed of light is much greater than the speed of sound.
Therefore, lightning and thunder don’t reach the observer at the same time ….

12. learning the basics
6) Decide if the following statements are true or false: T F
You can hear only when vibrations are produced by your vocal cords.
Both longitudinal and transverse waves are characterised by an amplitude and a frequency.
Sound can be created in or transmitted through a gas, liquid, solid or vacuum.
Ultrasound wave has a greater wavelength than acoustic wave.
Thunder reaches the observer well before than lightning. 

13. learning the basics
6) Decide if the following statements are true or false: KEYS T F
You can hear only when vibrations are produced by your vocal cords.
Both longitudinal and transverse waves are characterised by an amplitude and a frequency.
Sound can be created in or transmitted through a gas, liquid, solid or vacuum.
Ultrasound wave has a greater wavelength than acoustic wave.
Thunder reaches the observer well before than lightning.

14. language practice
7) Match the hints in column one to the terms in column two:
A travelling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another.
2. The maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position.
3. The spatial period of a wave in the direction of its motion.
4. A mechanical disturbance of the particles in a solid, liquid, or gaseous medium.
5. The number of oscillatory cicles per second. A B C D E
Wavelenght
Elastic wave
Frequency
Wave
Amplitude

15. language practice
7) Match the hints in column one to the terms in column two: KEYS
A travelling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another.
2. The maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position.
3. The spatial period of a wave in the direction of its motion.
4. A mechanical disturbance of the particles in a solid, liquid, or gaseous medium.
5. The number of oscillatory cicles per second. D E A B C
Wave
Amplitude
Wavelenght
Elastic wave
Frequency