1. Nationalism around the world
Chapter 10. Section 1
Nationalism around the world

2. Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, which had been steadily declining since the late 1700s, finally ended after WWI.
It was referred to as “the sick man of Europe”
The British sought to undermine Ottoman rule by supporting Arab nationalist activities in the Arabian Peninsula.

3. RC1: How did the Ottoman Empire finally end?
After WWI, Britain and France divided the remaining Ottoman territories in the Middle East except present-day Turkey. Then Greece invaded Turkey and seized the western parts of the Anatolian Peninsula. The last sultan fled in 1923.

4. The Modernization of Turkey
Turkey’s President Kemal changed the political system and the Turkish culture to create a modern state.
President Kemal a.k.a. Atatürk
A democratic system was put in place, and Atatürk harshly suppressed his critics.
3 major changes:
Turkish language lost Arabic elements
Popular education (for lower classes)
Last names (a very European thing)

5. RC2: How did Atatürk modernize Turkey?
By implementing a secular and democratic system in Turkey

6. The Beginnings of Modern Iran
Government and economic reforms changed Persia into the modern country of Iran
Reza Shah Pahlavi led a mutiny to seize control of Tehran, the Persian capital and made himself Shah (king)
The new dynasty, “Pahlavi” was the name of the ancient Persian language
Persia became Iran in 1935

7. RC3: How did Persia’s modernization process differ from Turkey’s?
Reza Shah Pahlavi did not try to destroy the power of Islamic beliefs.

8. RC4: Why were many Middle Eastern states created after World War I?
The League of Nations allowed its members to create many mandates (given territories under their control) out of the Ottoman land. Europeans determined the nations’ borders and divided the peoples.

9. RC5: How did the Balfour Declaration eventually lead to problems in Palestine?
It stated Britain’s intention to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, a territory in which most of the population was Muslim