Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

United States After American Revolution

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "United States After American Revolution"— Presentation transcript:

1 United States After American Revolution
Issues: -Weak government (Articles of Confederation) -Debt -Internal issues (Newburgh Conspiracy and Shay’s Rebellion) -trade issues

2 Articles of Confederation Success:
-Land Ordinance of 1785

3 Northwest Ordinance of 1787
-Territories would become a state when it had 60,000 inhabitants; equal status w/ other states. -Forbade slavery in Old Northwest - north of the Ohio River. Southerners could cross state lines and reclaim fugitive slaves

4 Shays Rebellion (1786) Issue: High taxes Farm foreclosures
Demand for cheap paper money Outcome: Rebellion stopped by wealthy New Englanders fear of the “mobocracy” Call for a stronger central government by “prominent citizens.”

5 Annapolis Convention (1786)
Purpose: Settle issue of interstate commerce Only 5 states showed up Convention rescheduled to next year in Philadelphia to rewrite the Articles

6 The Constitutional Convention (1787)

7 55 delegates from 12 states (R.I. Did not attend)
Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and Samuel Adams not present (why?) Franklin, Hamilton, Madison present Washington=chairman of the convention Convention in complete secrecy Great arguments persisted throughout the sessions: state representation, slavery, commerce

8 What about Bill of Rights?
Problem Solution Representation (New Jersey v. Virginia Plan) Great Compromise Slavery 3/5 Compromise, end of slave trade by 1808, Commerce Compromise Creation of strong gov’t Elastic Clause (Art. 1) and Supremacy Clause (Art. 6) Control of the “mob” Judges elected for life, no direct voting for senators and president What about Bill of Rights?

9 Federalists v. Anti-federalists
James Mason (father of Bill of Rights) refuses to sign unless Bill of Rights is provided A. Hamilton, J. Jay and j. Madison write 85 essays (Federalist Papers) to convince New york to ratify the Constitution Only 1/4 of adult white males had voted for delegates to ratifying conventions

10 The New Nation (1789-1797) Serious problems for the new republic:
Debt (foreign and domestic) Spain, England and France No experience running national government Worthless paper money (national and state) WHO COMES TO THE RESCUE?

11 George Washington unanimously chosen by Electoral College
Took oath of office on April 30, 1789 in NY (temporary capitol) Picked advisors to help him (ultimately led to creation of the Cabinet – never mentioned in the Constitution!): Secretary of State -- Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury -- Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War -- Henry Knox

12 The politics during Washington’s Presidency dealt primarily with the disagreements of T. Jefferson and A. Hamilton!

13 First US Congress passed:
The Bill of Rights The Judiciary Act of 1789 Solving the Debt: Hamilton’s economic policy: Report on Public Credit (1790) and Report on Manufacturers (1791) Proposals: Funding at Par Assumption of State Debts Tariffs (Revenue Act of 1789) Excise Taxes Creation of a National Bank (most controversial!)

14 Hamilton’s programs caused serious controversy and ultimately were partially responsible for the following: Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Creation of Washington D.C. Creation of political parties

15

16 What led to the formation of political parties?
Different political, economic and social philosophy between Hamilton and Jefferson Democratic-Republicans Federalists Pro-French Pro-British Strict construction Lose Construction Favored agricultural nation Favored industrialized nation Paying off national debt Never completely paying off the debt—WHY? Against excise taxes Excise taxes to promote industry Admired the French revolution despite bloodshed Feared “mobocracy” and French Revolution

17 George Washington’s Presidency
Domestic issues: Provided for a solution of debt through Hamilton’s financial proposals Showed power of the federal gov’t by crushing the Whiskey Rebellion. Sided with Federalists on most domestic and foreign issues His Farewell Address warned against political parties and against entangling alliances Expelled Citizen Genet from US for obstructing executive authority

18 Foreign: Jay’s Treaty (1794) w/England=complete failure Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) w/Spain gave US access to Mississippi River and disputed land north of Florida Passed the Neutrality Proclamation (1793) Violated the Franco-American Treaty of 1778 resulting in unofficial fighting secured land in the Ohio country by defating Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) and the signing of the Treaty of Greenville (1795)

19

20 John Adams becomes President (1796)
-defeats Jefferson 71 to 68 electoral votes -attempted to negotiate a peace treaty with France resulting in the XYZ Affair -alienated his party by continuing to work on a treaty with France despite XYZ (successful with Treaty of 1800) -Federalists feared Jefferson’s supporters and passed the Alien and Sedition Acts

21 In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Jefferson and Madison wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions – arguing compact theory and nullification (only passed in Virginia and Kentucky)

22 Despite being unpopular they were needed!
Federalist Achievements: Provided respect for the authority of the federal gov’t Established a financial strategy that would help to pay of the debt Solved the disagreements with France (at least for a brief period of time) Provided strong leadership in the early stages of the nation Failed to solve disagreements with England Despite being unpopular they were needed!

23


Download ppt "United States After American Revolution"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google