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Properties of Liquids
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Properties of Liquids Definite volume Indefinite shape
Particles close together, but can move little bit Liquids can flow
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Density liquids much greater than gases
Ex: DH2O(l) is 1250x greater than DH2O(g) at 25C (room temp) Liquids can be compressed but change in volume very slight & requires enormous pressure
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Viscosity Liquids exhibit viscosity Viscosity = resistance to flow
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stronger the IMF, the higher the viscosity
Viscosity depends on: strength of IMF sizes & shapes of molecules & temperature stronger the IMF, the higher the viscosity as temperature , viscosity as temperature , viscosity
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engine oil prevents direct metal to metal contact
thin film oil on surfaces prevents metal from flaking if oil too thick, won’t circulate at low temps if oil too thin, will lose film strength at high temps
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Where does the marble drop fastest?
Slowest? water glycerol
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Viscosity & Petroleum Drilling
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Surface Tension Net attractive force pulling down
Particles at surface of liquid exist in unbalanced environment No attraction from above to balance attractions from below surface seeks smallest possible area Net attractive force pulling down
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Surface Tension Surface Tension = E required to ↑surface area
= measure of inward pull Strong intermolecular attractions High surface tension
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Surfactants Compounds that lower surface tension of H2O
Disrupt hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules See video
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Capillary Action water forms concave meniscus in glass tube
attractive forces between water and glass greater than attractive forces between water molecules upward movement of liquid in narrow tube = capillary action
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Force(H2O-glass) Force(H2O- H2O) Force(Hg-glass) Force(Hg-Hg)
CONVEX CONCAVE meniscus meniscus
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