1. Introduction
Week 1
Kang, Nam-Joon

2. What we’ll do
Theories of children learning: About how children in different ages and aptitudes learn
Types and genres of stories for children
Effective use of these in language learning

3. What is story? a narrative, either true or fictitious,
in prose or verse, designed to interest, amuse, or instruct the hearer or reader; tale.

5. Types and genres

7. Learning and instruction
Piaget vs
Bruner

8. Piaget
Piaget explains the evolution of mind and intelligence in terms of the development and realization of logic.
Not many study of adult thinking

9. Bruner
People do not utilize a single method or logic in reasoning and problem solving: instead they adopt one of a number of strategies that differ in scope, power and efficiency.
People take different processes and it is differ from individual to individual and from discipline to discipline.

10. Piaget Was interested primarily in the structure of mature thinking
Both equally interested in action and problem-solving.
Both concerns abstract thinking grow out from concrete thinking
Did not provide why.

11. Bruner
Logic is not the mature thinking rather one of adaptive thinking
Put great emphasis on the role of language, communication and instruction in the development of knowledge and understanding.

12. Vygotsky
and
Bruner

13. People learn from communicating with others.
Interactionists
Vygotsky + Bruner
People learn from communicating with others.

14. Learn Language through communication

15. Scaffolding
ZPD

16. Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development
Activities that children
can’t do even with help.
The zone of proximal development
Activities that children
can do with help.
Activities that children
can do without help.
Lev Vygotsky

17. ? Activities that children Vs. can do with help.
can’t do, even with help.
Activities that children
can do with help.
Vs. ?
College textbook, picture books for elementary school, creating stories
Activities that children
can do without help. 17

18. a zone of proximal development
developmental stages
a zone of proximal development

19. Egocentric Conversations19
Developmental Psychology Lecture 3 19

20. How do these theories applied?So
How do these theories applied?

21. The Input Hypothesis + 1 the student’s current language level
What students
already know
What teachers
should provide

22. The Input Hypothesis
First
Second
…and so on

23. The Input Hypothesis (Bad examples)
Not building on
previous experiences
Too much new content
(learner overload)

24. This can be taught, as well.24

25. known
input + 1
overload

26. Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis
Affective filter – we don’t learn well when we’re too stressed, angry, etc… 26

27. Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis
Language is acquired best in an environment where anxiety and defensiveness are low.

28. Language learner Affective Filter I + 1 Affective Filter Books Other
students
Language
learner
I + 1
movies
The
teacher
Affective
Filter

29. My talk to today is very much one about perspective, rather than research. Of course, we will discuss relevant research findings, but the focus is on the teacher’s beliefs about that research. 29

30. Homework Read papers and summarize theory
write why we have to understand theories of how children learn in order to know what literature, how to use them, and why use them.