1. Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function
SPIs:
1.1 Identify the cellular organelles associated with major cell processes
1.2 Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
1.6 Determine the relationship between cell growth and reproduction.
Conceptual Strand:
All living things are made of cells that perform functions necessary for life.

2. Chapter 4 Table of Contents Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Cell Structure and Function
Table of Contents
Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells

3. State the three principles of the cell theory.
Bellringer # 1
State the three principles of the cell theory.
Open text to pg 69. Set up notes for 4.1

4. Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Chapter 4
Objectives
Name the scientists who first observed living and nonliving cells.
Summarize the research that led to the development of the cell theory.
State the three principles of the cell theory.
Explain why the cell is considered to be the basic unit of life.

5. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Chapter 4
The Discovery of Cells
All living things are made up of one or more cells.
A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life.

6. The Discovery of Cells, continued
Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Chapter 4
The Discovery of Cells, continued
Hooke
discovered cells in slices of cork.
Leeuwenhoek
first to observe living cells in microorganisms.

7. Schleiden: all plants composed of cells
The Cell Theory
Schleiden: all plants composed of cells
Schwann: All animals composed of cells
Virchow: all cells come from other cells

8. Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Chapter 4
The Cell Theory
States all living organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells come only from pre-existing cells.

9. Chapter 4 Cell Theory Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

10. The Cell Theory, continued
Section 1 The History of Cell Biology
Chapter 4
The Cell Theory, continued
Cellular Basis of Life
All living things are made of organized parts, obtain energy from their surroundings, perform chemical reactions, change with time, respond to their environment, and reproduce.

11. Cell Cell theory Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden
4.1 Vocab
Cell
Cell theory
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Matthias Schleiden
6. Theodor Schwann 7. Rudolf Virchow 8. Homeostasis 9. Protists 10. Microscope

12. Hooke’s discovery of cells was made observing Living algal cells.
Bellringer #2
Hooke’s discovery of cells was made observing
Living algal cells.
Living human blood cells.
Dead plant cells.
Dead protest cells.
Get out preview page, 4.1 notes, 4.1 vocab, and set up notes for 4.2. Open text to pg 72.

13. Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Objectives
Explain the relationship between cell shape and cell function.
Identify the factor that limits cell size.
Describe the three basic parts of a cell.
Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Analyze the relationship among cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

14. A cell’s shape reflects its function.
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Cell Diversity
Cell Shape
A cell’s shape reflects its function.

15. Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Cell Diversity, Continued
Cell Size
limited by a cell’s surface area–to-volume ratio. If a cell were too large, the surface area would not allow materials to enter or exit quickly enough.

16. 3 basic parts of cell: Chapter 4 Basic Parts of a Cell
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell
3 basic parts of cell:

17. Internal Organization of a Cell
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Internal Organization of a Cell
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

18. plasma membrane (cell membrane) covers cell’s surface
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
plasma membrane (cell membrane)
covers cell’s surface
acts as barrier between inside and outside of cell.
composed of double layer of phospholipids (hydrophobic tails)

19. within the plasma membrane
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
2. Cytoplasm
within the plasma membrane
includes the fluid (cytosol), the cytoskeleton, and all organelles except nucleus

20. contains cell’s DNA. 3. Control Center Chapter 4
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
3. Control Center
contains cell’s DNA.

21. lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Two Basic Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Divided into 2 domains: Bacteria and Archaea

22. have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Two Basic Types of Cells, continued
2. Eukaryotes
have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
PRO=NO, EU=DO

23. Comparing Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Comparing Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

24. Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Cellular Organization
In multicellular eukaryotes, cells organize into tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally organisms.

25. Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Prokaryote Eukaryote
4.2 Vocab
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
6. Organelle 7. Tissue 8. Organ 9. Organ system 10. Phospholipid bilayer

26. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell? An amoeba
Bellringer #3
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
An amoeba
A virus
A bacterium
A liver cell
Open text to pg. 77. Get out your animal cell foldable.

27. Chapter 4 Objectives Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Describe the structure and function of a cell’s plasma membrane.
Summarize the role of the nucleus.
List the major organelles found in the cytosol, and describe their roles.
Identify the characteristics of mitochondria.
Describe the structure and function of the cytoskeleton.

28. 5. plasma membrane (cell membrane)
Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
5. plasma membrane (cell membrane)
acts as a semi-permeable barrier between inside and outside.
phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails)
has embedded proteins with specific jobs

29. Structure of Lipid Bilayer
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Structure of Lipid Bilayer

30. Section 2 Introduction to Cells
Chapter 4
6. Cytoplasm
includes cytosol (liquid and dissolved contents), cytoskeleton, and all organelles except nucleus.
Where metabolism and specialized functions of the cell are carried out.

31. directs cell’s activities (control center) stores and protects DNA.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
15. Nucleus
directs cell’s activities (control center)
stores and protects DNA.
Contains Nucleoplasm: liquid that holds contents of nucleus.
RNA is made in nucleus.

32. DNA in thread form: chromatin.
Hereditary information that contains instructions for structure and function of organism
DNA in thread form: chromatin.
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes when the cell is about to divide.

33. Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Nucleus of a Cell

34. 12. Nuclear Membrane/ Envelope
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
12. Nuclear Membrane/ Envelope
double membrane that surrounds and protects nuclear contents.
contains nuclear pores

35. 11. Nuclear pores
Channels in nuclear membrane that allow certain substances to be transported between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

36. Bellringer #4
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the
Nucleus
Cell wall
Nuclear membrane
Plasma membrane
Get out animal cell foldable.

37. Center for ribosome synthesis and assembly.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Nucleus, continued
14. Nucleolus
Center for ribosome synthesis and assembly.

38. Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
7. Mitochondria
harvest energy from organic compounds and transfer it to ATP through aerobic respiration

39. either free or attached to rough ER
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
17. Ribosomes
either free or attached to rough ER
play role in protein synthesis through a process called translation.
Do not have membrane
Composed of a large and small subunit.

40. Chapter 4 Ribosomes Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

41. In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?
Bellringer # 5
In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Get out animal cell foldable. Open text to pg 81. Turn in cheek cell/onion Lab.

42. 16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Covered with ribosomes
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Endoplasmic Reticulum
16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered with ribosomes
Form vesicles that contain their protein products
Vesicles are sent to Golgi for further processing.

43. builds and stores lipids and steroids.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Endoplasmic Reticulum, continued
8. smooth ER
Lacks ribosomes
builds and stores lipids and steroids.
participates in detoxification of toxins.

44. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Ribosomes
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Ribosomes
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

45. processes and packages proteins.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
18. Golgi Apparatus/body
processes and packages proteins.
Ship packages (vesicles) throughout and outside the cell.

46. Packages that are classified by contents.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
19. Vesicles
Packages that are classified by contents.
Often merge with plasma membrane to release contents to outside of cell.

47. Vesicle formed by the Golgi that contain digestive enzymes used to:
4. lysosome
Vesicle formed by the Golgi that contain digestive enzymes used to:
Break down and recycle worn out organelles
Engulf and destroy viruses and bacteria
Break down the cell itself (autolysis)

48. Contain enzymes responsible for metabolic reactions.
1. Peroxisome
Contain enzymes responsible for metabolic reactions.
Detoxify alcohol and other drugs.

49. Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Nucleus Cytoplasm
Bellringer # 6
An organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Get out animal cell foldable.

50. help cells move and maintain shape.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
10. Cytoskeleton
help cells move and maintain shape.
Provides structural support for cytoplasm
Made of: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

51. Chapter 4 Cytoskeleton Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

52. Short, hair-like projections that extend from the surface of the cell
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Cytoskeleton, continued
2. Cilia
Short, hair-like projections that extend from the surface of the cell
Assist in movement
9. Flagella
Long, whip-like structure used to propel cell

53. Structure of Cilia and Flagella
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Structure of Cilia and Flagella
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

54. Found in pairs in animal cell involved in cell division.
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Cytoskeleton, continued
3. Centrioles
Found in pairs in animal cell
involved in cell division.

55. Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus
4.3 Vocab
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
6. Lysosome 7. Cytoskeleton 8. Cilium 9. Flagellum 10. Centriole

56. Get out plant cell foldable.
Bellringer # 7
Numerous hair like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packaged in tight rows are called
Flagella
Microtubules
Actin filaments
Cilia
Get out plant cell foldable.

57. Chapter 4 Objectives Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
List three structures that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Compare the plasma membrane,the primary cell wall, and the secondary cell wall.
Explain the role of the central vacuole.
Describe the roles of plastids in the life of a plant.
Identify features that distinguish prokaryotes, eukaryotes, plant cells, and animal cells.

58. provides support and protection. Contains cellulose
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
20. Cell Wall
covers cell membrane
provides support and protection.
Contains cellulose
Has pores for molecules to enter and exit the cell

59. Chapter 4 Parts of a Cell Wall
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
Parts of a Cell Wall
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

60. stores water, enzymes, and waste products
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
7. Central Vacuole
Large
stores water, enzymes, and waste products
provides support for plant tissue.
In dry periods, vacuole loses water and cell shrink, causing plant to wilt.

61. converts light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis.
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
9. Chloroplast
converts light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis.
Contain stacks of thylakoids where the light reactions take place
Stroma: fluid where Calvin Cycle occurs

62. 2. Amyloplast
Store starch

63. Bellringer # 8
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space called __________ in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored.
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Golgi Apparatus
Central Vacuole

64. 3. Peroxisome 4. Golgi Body 5. Golgi Vesicles 6. Tonoplast
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
Remaining Plant Cell Answers
1. Plasmodesma
3. Peroxisome
4. Golgi Body
5. Golgi Vesicles
6. Tonoplast
8. Mitochondrion
10. Cytoskeleton
11. Nuclear Pore
12. Nuclear membrane/envelope
13. DNA in nucleoplasm
14. Nucleolus
15. Nucleus
16. RER
17. SER
18. Ribosomes
19. Cytoplasm
21. Cell/plasma membrane

65. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

66. 6. Vesicle 7. Amyloplast 8. Cellulose 9. Stroma 10. Photosynthesis
4.4 Vocab
Cell wall
Central vacuole
Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Chlorophyll
6. Vesicle 7. Amyloplast 8. Cellulose 9. Stroma 10. Photosynthesis

67. Which of the following pairs contain unrelated items? eukaryote-amoeba
Bellringer # 9
Which of the following pairs contain unrelated items?
eukaryote-amoeba
b. Ribosomes-proteins
c. Cell wall-animal cell
d. mitochondria-energy

68. Bellringer # 10
When the lysosome breaks down the cell, it is called a. Photosynthesis b. Autolysis c. Endocytosis d. Exocytosis