1. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Tom Jenkins, Professor
Department of Animal &
Veterinary Sciences

2. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
6 Basic Nutrient Classes
Water
Protein
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Lipids

3. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Class Objectives
Define simple and compound lipids and give examples of each.
Describe how feeds are analyzed for lipids.
Describe the difference between fatty acid content and fatty acid composition.
Describe the basic structure of fatty acids and how they are named.

4. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Lipid Classes
Nonglycerol-based
Waxes, Alkanes
Glycerol-based
Simple – glycerol + fatty acids
Compound – glycerol + fatty acids + other nutrient

5. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Glycerol – anchor to build lipidsOH H C OH H C OH H

6. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis SimpleH H C H C H C H

7. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis SimpleH H C H C H C H

8. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis SimpleH H C H C H C H

9. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis CompoundH H C
Fatty Acids H C
Fatty Acids H C H

10. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis CompoundH H C
Fatty Acids H C
Fatty Acids H C H

11. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Solvent Extraction

12. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Compounds Extracted in Fat Test?
Lipids
Nonglycerol-based
Waxes, Alkanes
Glycerol-based
Simple
Compound
Non-lipid
Water
Fat-soluble vitamins
Pigments

13. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Compounds Extracted in Fat Test?
Nonglycerol-based
Waxes, Alkanes
Glycerol-based
Simple
Compound
Non-lipid
Water
Fat-soluble vitamins
Pigments
Energy
Fatty Acids
Tissue Effects
Rumen Effects

14. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Ether Extract vs. Fatty Acids
Alfalfa
3.50
2.28
Corn Grain
4.23
4.03
Corn Silage
3.19
2.21
From CPM for Dairy

15. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Structure of Fatty Acids?H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

16. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Classifying Fatty Acids
Number of Carbons
C2 – C5
C6 – C12
C14 – C>20
Number of Double Bonds
0 –
1 –
2 or more –
Position of Double Bonds

17. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & AnalysisH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H ω ∝ H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Abbreviation:

18. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Common Fatty Acids in FeedH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

19. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Key Omega Fatty AcidsH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
C Name: ω- H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H
C Name: ω-

20. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Key Omega Fatty AcidsH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H H H H H H H H H H H
C Name: ω-
COOH
C Name: ω-

21. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Fatty Acid Content & Composition of
Some Feedstuffs
Feedstuff
FA, %DM
16:0
18:0
18:1
18:2
18:3
Barley
1.6
27.6
1.5
20.5
43.3
4.3
Corn
3.2
16.3
2.6
30.9
47.8
2.3
Dehy Alfalfa
1.4
28.5
3.8
6.5
18.4
39.0
Ryegrass
4-7
11.9
1.0
2.2
14.6
68.2
Cottonseed
18.6
25.3
2.8
17.1
53.2
0.1
PALMQUIST, 1988

22. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis
Key Points
Fatty acids are the most important lipid fraction in feeds for animal health & production.
Most feed fat analysis includes fatty acids plus other non-lipid compounds.
Both fatty acid content and fatty acid composition are important.
Wide differences in types of fatty acids and their sources.

23. Feed Lipids: Nomenclature & Analysis Questions & Answers
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