1. State of Indiana Orthophotography and LiDAR Program
R.N. Wilkinson
Special thanks to:
Jim Sparks
Jim Stout
Phil Worrall

2. Indiana’s Statewide GIS Framework Data Layers At the edge of some great accomplishments

3. Statewide GIS Initiatives
IndianaMap Data Sharing Initiative
Broadband Mapping Program
Local-Resolution NHD Development
Orthophotography & LiDAR Program
IGIC/ISPLS Height Modernization Pilot & the INDOT CORS Network
The New IndianaMap Viewer R3
If you look at Indiana’s large project compared to other states – for a number of these, Indiana is often in the lead pack for these types of initiatives!
For example, our 2005 IndianaMap Statewide Orthophotography project was the first in the Nation to require a 100% digital camera solution. Now this requirement is commonplace.
Indiana’s new Statewide geospatial data program continues to lead the way, by incorporating the collection of both new digital imagery and digital elevation data into the same program.
Our Statewide Local-resolution NHD project is also one of the first such statewide projects in the Nation!

4. 2011 -2013 Statewide Ortho – LiDAR Deliverable Products
Ortho Data Products (Delivered by County)
1-foot Pixel 4-band GeoTIFF tiles (NSSDA)
ECW Compressed Tiles (~20:1)
FGDC Metadata
Elevation Data Products (Delivered by County)
LAS 1.2 Classified Point Cloud, 1.5 meter NPS (nominal point spacing, Bare Earth, first & last return data, and intensity (NSSDA & USGS Ver. 12/13)
Bare-Earth Hydro-Flattened DEM (IMG format 5-foot pixel tiles)
Hydro Breaklines in ESRI format

5. LiDAR & LAS Files Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
LAS file: An ASPRS open format to store LIDAR point data records. LAS files combine GPS, IMU, and laser pulse range data to produce X, Y, and Z point data.
LAS was designed as a data exchange format between different systems and software more than anything else (.img, .tif, .grd, .xyz, .tin)
LAS files are becoming in greater demand because of the richness of the data they contain, and the growing ability to easily process the point cloud data on demand to create the exact product and data format users need.

6. Program History 2005 Statewide Imagery Project DHS Grant was stimulus
Program the result of the IGIC Orthophoto Workgroup
Primary goal was a one-year statewide acquisition
$8.5 Million cost
Completed in 2006

7. 2005 Ortho Project Benefits
$1.7 Billion worth of project and operations support

8. 2011 Indiana Statewide Program

9. Deliverables - Orthophotography LiDAR ECW files GeoTiff Metadata
Compressed files
GeoTiff
Located geographically
Metadata
Tile Index
5000 x 5000 index
LiDAR
Digital Elevation Models
DEMs
LAS files
Hydro Line Work
Used to hydro flatten water bodies
Tile Index
5000 x 5000 index

10. 2011 Indiana Statewide Program
Administered through Indiana Office of Technology – State Geographic Information Officer – Jim Sparks
Base Products
1’ Pixel Resolution – 4-Band Imagery
USGS-compliant, 1.5 meter post spacing LiDAR
Digital Elevation Model
Available Buy-up Options
6”-inch Resolution Ortho
3”-inch Resolution Ortho
1-meter post spacing LiDAR

11. What is an Orthophotograph?
Definition:
A digital (electronic) aerial photograph that has been modified to remove distortion from the camera & airplane and adjusted to fit the ground surface.
It is a photo that can be used as a MAP.

12. Orthoimagery Deliverables 4-Band 1”=200’ scale seamless orthoimagery
GeoTIFF format
Enhanced Compression Wavelet (ECW) format
5,000 X 5,000 tiles
+/- 5.0 horizontal accuracy
NSSDA Standards
FGDC Metadata

13. Cameras Distort Images
All imagery has spatial error due to the distorting nature of photography.
&
Don’t forget Terrain Distortion

15. 2002 Orthos with
old DEM
2003 Orthos with
new DEM

16. Orthophoto Uses
Orthophotography has the geometric characteristics of a map and the image qualities of a photograph.
distance measurements
area calculations
determination of feature shape
direction calculations
determination of coordinates at a location
analyze change

17. Orthoimagery Deliverables 4-Band 1”=200’ scale seamless orthoimagery
GeoTIFF format
Enhanced Compression Wavelet (ECW) format
5,000 X 5,000 tiles
+/- 5.0 horizontal accuracy
NSSDA Standards
FGDC Metadata

18. Orthoimagery: Base Resolution 12-inch

19. Orthoimagery: Optional Resolution 6-inch

20. Orthoimagery: Optional Resolution 3-inch

21. Indiana LiDAR Program Capture 1/3 of state/year Base LiDAR product is:
LiDAR Point Cloud 1.5 Meter Post Spacing 1st & Last & Intensity (LAS v12 format)
Digital Elevation Model 5-foot pixel, 5k-foot tiles, hydro-flattened (ERDAS Imagine IMG format)
Buy-up:
1-meter LiDAR
Contours

22. Statewide LiDAR Data Sources
Blue counties (new LiDAR capture planned)
Other Counties (recent County LiDAR projects)
Other Areas (recent FEMA LiDAR projects )
All data homogenized into statewide data product / delivery standard

23. Indiana LiDAR Program Objective
New LiDAR data – with many benefits beyond standard DEM and DTM production, especially when combined with 4-band imagery:
Automatic Feature Extraction
Change Detection
Impervious Surface Analysis
Land Use/Land Cover Extraction
Forestry Analysis
Flood Analysis
Line of Site Analysis

24. LiDAR
Light Detection and Ranging – laser range finding from an airplane or helicopter.
Builds a “cloud” of X,Y,Z points reflected back to the receiver.
Captures all reflective surfaces (ground, buildings, trees, utility lines). Not water.
Reflectivity can be used to determine type of surface.

25. LiDAR Cloud Profile of Indy

26. LiDAR shaded blue to red, oblique view
LiDAR shaded blue to red, oblique view. Arrow shows perspective of next slide.

27. LiDAR of tree stand, oblique view
LiDAR of tree stand, oblique view. Note Cyan dots represent points on the ground. So, about 1/1000 points get to the ground through dense forest.

28. Definition – Digital Elevation Model
A 3D computerized representation of the variation of relief of the earth’s surface in the form of points of elevation (often supplemented by breaklines depicting severe changes in slope).
Used for: - Rectifying aerial photography. - Calculating ground contours. - 3D modeling of slope and drainage.

29. DTM
DEM

30. Uses for LiDAR Data and DEM’s
Point elevations
Warp correction on imagery
Building outline detection
Forestry production determination
3d Modeling
3d Mapping
Change detection on built up areas

31. Indiana LiDAR Program

32. LiDAR shaded red to blue elevations. Trees are easily identifiable.

33. Depth Grids
Depth of flooding derived from subtracting WSEL and terrain grids
To be a standard deliverable for FEMA Flood Insurance Study modeling under RiskMAP
Also a standard input for HAZUS-MH to determine flood loss impacts

36. Natural color ortho draped over LiDAR cloud, oblique view.

37. Contours from LiDAR (with Breaklines)

38. Access to Data IU Indiana Spatial Data Portal Indiana Map
Single file download
Multi-file download tool
Indiana Map
State of Indiana
County Governments
Open Topography website
IGIC Corporate or Institutional Members
Hard drives available through Phil Worrall

39. Indiana LiDAR Program

40. Indiana Map
A WORK IN PROGRESS
Internet dependant

41. Indiana Map http://maps.indiana.edu/layers.html
Through the Layer Gallery

42. Access State of Indiana – GIO office County Govt –
Check with local government for availability
Each County got their data delivered on hard drives.

43. Indiana Statewide LiDAR Data
Introducing the Open Topography Server for Indiana

45. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

46. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

47. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

48. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

49. Open Topography Server Classes of data types available
LiDAR point cloud data
Standard digital elevation models (DEMs)
For LiDAR point cloud data, web-based tools are also available to process these data into custom DEMs.

50. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

51. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

52. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

53. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

54. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

55. The Open Topography Server for Indiana

56. Open Topography Server for Indiana

57. TOOLS in Open Topography

58. Open Topography Server for Indiana Indiana
Download and do some
REAL COOL THINGS!

59. QUESTIONS?