1. Materials And Construction Technology PALESTINE UNIVERSITY Chapter No. 6 Tiling

2. TILING General Tiles is one kind of coating units for floors and walls Tiles may be natural or man- made Man-made tiles : Kinds of Man-made tiles: Cement tiles Ceramic tiles Porcelain tiles Cement tiles: It is cement frames consist of sand, cement, aggregate. Cement may have the normal color or any wanted color.

3. TILING After made the mortar it put in steel frames then compacted manually or mechanical with a 250 bar compactors. This kind of tiles has a various dimensions as following: 20×20×2.0cm 25×25×2.5cm 30×30×3.0cm

4. TILING Terrazzo tiles: These tiles contain two layers: The top layer: The top layer which consist of granulated aggregate and white cement, quartz. In general the thickness of this layer is 8mm. The function of this layer is to gain the tile a fine face. And to resist the corrosion happen from friction. The ratio of cement to sand is 1:1, 1:2 or 1:3

5. TILING The bottom layer: It is cement layer mainly consist of cement and fine aggregate. The function of this layer is to increase the strength of tiles The ratio of cement to sand is 1:3 After casting the mortar of tiles in its frames the tiles get out from the frames and leave to dry. The tiles must treated by watering during the first 72 hr. After that, the top surface of tiles curried by softening it gradually.

10. TILING Properties of cement tiles: (Advantages): Strong (stronger than ceramic). Resist the fraction (better than ceramic). various type and shapes Installed in various shapes. Can be renewing by curing its surface. (Disadvantages): Week in resist acids. More heavy than ceramic.

11. TILING Test of cement tiles: Test of cement tiles: External views: Parallel surfaces. Perpendicular edges. Uniform distributional of aggregate. The top surface must be soft. Physical prosperities of tiles: Water absorption. Water absorption must not exceed 10% from its total weight after 24 hr from its production. Bending resistance and compressive strength: Bending resistance must exceed 45kg/cm 2. Per tile.

12. TILING Allowable difference of tiles dimension : Allowable difference of tiles dimension. Length ± 1mm. Width ± 1mm. Total thickness ± 10% (from total thickness). The angles difference of tiles be estimated by the difference between design angle and tile angle. Surface level ± 3mm. Surface level estimated by the distance between tiles surface and tiles hypotenuse. We take a tile from (500-1000 unit) as a sample. Then we take 1 tile per 2000 additional tiles.

13. TILING Tiling method. Tiling method We must take in our consideration: Sand, pipes, walls. The first line of tiles must have a high control.

14. Ceramic General. Ceramic is a tiles made from clay by burnt it under a huge temperature then paint the top face by a strong quartz layer or basalt layer. In general the top layer very thin its thickness can be neglected with respect to the burnt clay layer.

17. Ceramic Properties of ceramic. Properties of ceramic: (Advantages): High resistance for acids. So it always uses in kitchen and path rooms. Various types of frames and color. Various types of beautiful views. Light weight, easy moving. (Disadvantages): Week. Low resistance for friction So it shouldn't be used in commercial places.

18. Porcelain Method of manufacture. Method of manufacture: Manufacture method like ceramic Manufacture method The main difference by the manufacture material this mean that manufacture material for porcelain is the top layer of ceramic only (basalt or quartz layer). Properties of porcelain: (Advantages): A.Strong B.High resistance for acids. C.High resistance for friction. So it often uses in a public building. D.Have a rough and soft kind of them.

19. Ceramic General. (Disadvantages): A.High cost. B.Need skilled labor for tilling.

20. Mzaiko General. Mzaiko: Mzaiko used for some part of building as: A.Landing B.Riser C.Skirting D.Sills E.Thresholds. F.Balcony parapet G.Stairs parapet

21. Marble and granite General. Marble and granite Granite and marble is a calcite material subjected to high pressure and high temperature. As explained in Ch. 2

25. M08C (Black With White VeinsBianco CarraraTea Rose Rosso LevantoM052 M048

26. End Chapter No. 6