1. Protective Effects of Pulsatile Flow During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Aida Salameh, MD, PhD, Lydia Kühne, MD, Maria Grassl, Maria Gerdom, MD, Sandy von Salisch, PhD, Marcel Vollroth, MD, Farhad Bakhtiary, MD, PhD, Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr, MD, Ingo Dähnert, MD, Stefan Dhein, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages (January 2015)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. Bar graphs depict the number of cells (in %) with pericellular edema. (B) H&E-staining of kidney glomeruli and tubules and of liver lobules of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile CPB, respectively. For the kidney, bar graphs depict the gap between Bowman capsule and the capillary convolute (in μm, glomeruli) and the number of tubular cells (in %) with vacuoles. For the liver, bar graphs depict the number of edematous cells per liver lobule. (* = significant differences to control ; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (C) Original H&E-staining of hippocampus (HC), kidney, and liver (magnification 200×). Arrows indicate pericellular edema (hippocampus), the gap between Bowman capsule and the capillary convolute, and vacuolated cells of tubules (kidney), respectively.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
(A) Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) staining of hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. Bar graphs depict the number of positive cells nuclei (in %). (* = significant differences to control ; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (B) HIF1α staining of kidney glomeruli and tubules and of liver lobules of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile CPB, respectively. For the kidney, bar graphs depict the number of positive cell nuclei (in %) of glomeruli and proximal tubules, respectively. For the liver, bar graphs depict the number of positive cell nuclei per liver lobule. (Significant differences to control are indicated by asterisks; p < 0.05). (C) Original HIF1α-staining of hippocampus (HC), kidney and liver (magnification 200×). Arrows indicate cell nuclei positive for HIF1α (stained in red).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
(A) Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) staining of hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. Bar graphs depict the number of positive cells nuclei (in %). (* = significant differences to control ; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (B) AIF-staining of kidney glomeruli and tubules and of liver lobules of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile CPB, respectively. For the kidney, bar graphs depict the number of positive cell nuclei (in %) of glomeruli and proximal tubules, respectively. For the liver, bar graphs depict the number of positive cell nuclei per liver lobule. (Significant differences to control are indicated by asterisks; p < 0.05). (C) Original AIF-staining of hippocampus (HC), kidney, and liver (magnification 200×). Arrows indicate cell nuclei positive for AIF (stained in red).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
(A) Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) staining of hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. Bar graphs depict the number of positive cells nuclei (in %). (* = significant differences to control; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (B) PAR staining of kidney glomeruli and tubules, and of liver lobules of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile CPB, respectively. For the kidney, bar graphs depict the number of positive cell nuclei (in %) of glomeruli and proximal tubules, respectively. For the liver, bar graphs depict the number of positive cell nuclei per liver lobule. (* = significant differences to control; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (C) Original PAR-staining of hippocampus (HC), kidney, and liver (magnification 200×). Arrows indicate cell nuclei positive for PAR (red = HC and liver; dark red = kidney).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
(A) Nitrotyrosine-staining of hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. Bar graphs depict the number of positive cells (in %). (* = significant differences to control; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (B) Nitrotyrosine staining of kidney glomeruli and tubules and of liver lobules of control piglets and piglets after non-pulsatile and pulsatile CPB, respectively. For the kidney, bar graphs depict the number of positive cells (in %) of proximal tubules. In the glomeruli no nitrotyrosine-positive cells could be detected. For the liver, bar graphs depict the number of positive cells per liver lobule. (* = significant differences to control; # = significant differences to non-pulsatile CPB; p < 0.05.) (C) Original nitrotyrosine staining of hippocampus (HC), kidney, and liver (magnification 200×). Arrows indicate cells positive for nitrotyrosine (purple = HC; red = kidney and liver). Note the absent nitrotyrosine staining in the glomeruli.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions