1. Photosynthesis

2. Energy and Life Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Autotroph (producer) – makes its own food
Heterotroph (consumer) – obtains energy from eating other organisms

3. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

4. Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the principle chemical compound used to store and release energy
ATP has three parts:
Adenine
Ribose
3 phosphate groups

6. ADP ADP (adenosine diphosphate) also has 3 parts: Adenine Ribose
2 phosphate groups

7. Storing and Releasing Energy

8. ATP-ADP Cycle of Energy
Energy is released by breaking the chemical bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate (ATP becomes ADP)
Energy is stored by bonding a 3rd phosphate to ADP (ADP becomes ATP)

9. ??????
All living things require energy, but where does the energy come from?
But I can’t get energy directly from the sun…….
And how do plants store the energy they get?

10. The Photosynthesis Equation
light
6C H20  C6H
Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen
light
Carbon dioxide + water  sugars + oxygen

11. Pigments Pigments are light absorbing molecules.
The principle pigment is chlorophyll.
Which organelle contains chlorophyll?

13. Parts of a Chloroplast

14. Two Reactions: Light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin Cycle)
Light dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes.
Light independent reactions (Calvin cycle) takes place in the stroma, the region outside the thylakoids.

15. Light-dependent Reactions
This reaction requires light.
Oxygen gas is produced.
ADP and NADP+ are converted into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH.

16. Light-independent Reactions
The Calvin Cycle does not require light (light independent.)
Carbon dioxide along with the energy from ATP and NADPH form sugars, lipids, amino acids and other compounds.

17. Photosynthetic Reactions

18. Location Requires Produces Light Dependent Reactions
Light Independent Reactions
(Calvin Cycle)
Location
Thylakoid membranes
Stroma
Requires
Light
Water
Carbon Dioxide
ATP
NADPH
Produces
Oxygen
High Energy Sugars

19. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Water shortage – slows or even stop photosynthesis
Temperature – enzymes necessary for photosynthesis work best at temperature between 10o C and 20o C (50o F and 68o F)
Light intensity – increasing intensity increases rate of photosynthesis