1. Training Toward the ICAO Standards
David Moore
DLIELC
Lackland, AFB

2. Overview ICAO descriptors Routine vs. non-routine
Problem solving language
Problem types and locations
Training suggestions

3. Pronunciation
Pronunciation, stress, rhythm and intonation are influenced by the first language or regional variation but only sometimes interfere with ease of understanding.

4. Structure
Basic grammatical structures and sentence patterns are used creatively and are usually well controlled. Errors may occur, particularly in unusual or unexpected circumstances, but rarely interfere with meaning.

5. Vocabulary
Vocabulary range and accuracy are usually sufficient to communicate effectively on common, concrete, and work-related topics. Can often paraphrase successfully when lacking vocabulary in unusual or unexpected circumstances.

6. Fluency
Produces stretches of language at an appropriate tempo. There may be occasional loss of fluency on transition from rehearsed or formulaic speech to spontaneous interaction, but this does not prevent effective communication. Can make limited use of discourse markers or connectors. Fillers are not distracting.

7. Comprehension
Comprehension is mostly accurate on common, concrete, and work-related topics when the accent or variety used is sufficiently intelligible for an international community of users. When the speaker is confronted with a linguistic or situational complication or an unexpected turn of events, comprehension may be slower or require clarification strategies

8. Interactions
Immediate, appropriate, and informative. Initiates and maintains exchanges even when dealing with an unexpected turn of events. Deals adequately with apparent misunderstandings by checking, confirming, or clarifying.

9. Routine events: Non-routine events: Predictable and Formulaic
Standard phraseology doesn’t work
This is the UNEXPECTED

10. English for what? English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
English for Operational Purposes (EOP)

11. Problem Solving Language
Explaining problems
Clarifying circumstances
Checking comprehension
Offering solutions
Rejecting proposals
Expressing agreement/disagreement

12. Immediate response
Instantaneous
Informative
Relevant

13. Unambiguous
Clear message
Precise expression
Accurate pronunciation

14. Problem Types
Hydraulic
Engine
Fuel
Oxygen
Electrical
Structural

15. Problem Locations Clearance Delivery Taxiways Runway Departure
Approach
Enroute

16. Training Suggestions Target problem solving language
Mix problem types and settings
Reduce response delay
Insist on message clarity

17. Review Criteria descriptors Problem types Problem locations
Training suggestions

18. Questions ?