1. Eukaryotic Cells
IB Topic 2.3

2. What is a eukaryotic cell?
Algae
Fungi
Animals (like us!)
Plants
See figure 2.2 on page25
How does it compare to a prokaryotic cell?

3. Features of eukaryotic cells
5 – 100 μm (larger than prokaryotic cells)
Has a nucleus
Organelles
Non-cellular structures
Specific structure and function
Two types of eukaryotic cells:
Animal cell
Plant cell

4. Organelles of eukaryotic cells
See figures 2.2 and 2.3
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Lysosomes (not usually in plant cells)
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplasts (only in plant cells)
Vacuoles

5. Cytoplasm Inside the plasma membrane
Which is the outer boundary of the cell
It is the region that the organelles occur

6. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Figure 2.5
Network of tubes (or channels)
Extends throughout the cell
Transportation of materials throughout the cell
Two types:
Smooth
No ribosomes
Enzymes
Rough
Studded with ribosomes
Protein synthesis

7. Ribosomes Protein synthesis
Free in cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER
Ribosomes of eukaryotic cells are larger than those of prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic ribosomes = 80 s (size)
Prokaryotic ribosomes = 70 s (size)

8. Lysosomes
Sac-like
Breaks down protein, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates
Breaks down damaged organelles & materials
Lyse means to break down

9. Golgi apparatus
Collection, packaging, modification, and distribution of materials
Receives products from the ER
ER  Golgi apparatus  vacuoles

10. Mitochondria (mitochondrion)
Close to the size of a bacterial cell
Has its own DNA
Has its own ribosomes (70s)
Double membrane
Powerhouse of the cell
Produces chemical energy called ATP
Cells that have a lot of energy requirements, like muscle cells, have large numbers of mitochondria

11. Nucleus Isolated region where the DNA resides Double membrane
Called the nuclear membrane or envelope
DNA exists in the form of chromosomes
Number varies based on the organism
Humans have 46 chromosomes
Carry out all the information that is necessary for the organism to live

12. Chloroplasts Only in plant and algae cells Double membrane
Has its own DNA and ribosomes (70s)
This is where photosynthesis occurs

13. Turn and talk
What are characteristics that chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common with prokaryotic cells?

14. Vacuoles Form from the Golgi apparatus
Occupy a very large space in plant cells
Used for storage
Food (nutrition)
Wastes/toxins (to be expelled later)
Water

15. Exit Slip:
Create a Venn diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells