1. Factors influencing international reporting

2. Macro perspective based on international communication structure
Dependency theory, cultural imperialism, cultural hegemony, globalization, etc.

3. Perspective of news production:
Shoemaker and Reese
ideology:
Fundamental belief in political ideology, economic system and national culture which serves as a cohesive and integrating force in a society.
Ideology is considered the predominant force in shaping the news content, defined as the "systematic engineering of mass consent to the established order.“
National interest:
All media have the patriotic consensus on national identification

4. Extra-media influence
Political force: Law, regulation, license, tax, censorship. Journalists are pressures to censor and self-censor from public officials more often than from business.
In the name of national security

5. Economics: profit, competition, market, advertiser and audience
Population in the market
The degree of urbanization
Education of the population
Immigrants

6. Sources：Sources influence news content by facilitating or constraining the diffusion of information according to their interest
Eg. government

7. Organizational influence
Ownership
Newspaper positioning and image
Organization’s news philosophy: newspaper’s position on what its role should be for its readers and society as a whole
Organizational culture: strong or weak
Eg. The degree of attention to international news
Logistics of news gathering and processing: media size, access to news agencies, staff number in international news office, number of foreign offices and correspondents, technology etc.

8. Socialization in the newsroom:
Knowledge about the hierarchy for news decisions
Career path to advancement
News policy and reward system
Professional norms
Communication pattern

9. Work routine: the patterned, routinized, repeated practices and forms that media workers use to do their jobs
Deadline, time slots or pages for international news, reliance on news wire

10. Individual influence gender Interest Values, political inclination
background, experience
resources
varying skills in presenting information in depth and on deadline with a great deal of accuracy and style
editing ability

11. Perspective of news content and news selection
context- oriented：influence from world system and international relations, with focus on the context of news events, which directly affects the number and content of new stories about a certain country or area.
1)Features of a certain country: politics, culture, economy, geography, etc.
2）interaction between two countries: language and cultural relationship, colonial relations, geopolitical relations, trade relations, interaction of national interests, etc.
3）logistics: infrastructure and human resources for international news reporting in a certain country

12. Criticism: not based on a systematic theory
Criticism: not based on a systematic theory. Hard to show the complicated relations between dependent variables and variables. Results differ from study to study.

13. event-oriented：
Contextual influences are not taken into consideration
It is about how different features of news events influence news values of the news stories.
Shoemaker ：deviance is important. How to measure deviance: 1) the degree of the influence on the local society 2) the degree of the influence on the US norms if it happens in America

14. Galtung & Ruge：frequency, threshold, unambiguity, meaningfulness, consonance, unexpectedness、continuity, composition, relevance to elite nations, relevance to
elite people, persons, negativity
Peterson：meaningful, in line with national elitism, negativity

15. criticism：It is hard to measure deviance and negativity
criticism：It is hard to measure deviance and negativity. There are problems with the precision of research.
The two paths are never well combined together. Each emphasizes different factors and thus they lack comparability

16. What do you think?
What about research methodology?