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Challenges in Treating Cardiovascular Disease: Restricting Sodium and Managing Hyperkalemia
Deborah J. Clegg, PhD, Michael Cody, MD, Biff F. Palmer, MD Mayo Clinic Proceedings Volume 92, Issue 8, Pages (August 2017) DOI: /j.mayocp Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Serum potassium threshold before changes in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) guidelines recommendation. (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines do not provide recommendations.) ACC/AHA = American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ESC HFA = European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association; HF = heart failure; HFSA = Heart Failure Society of America; KDOQI = Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; MRA = mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings , DOI: ( /j.mayocp ) Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Comparison of potassium binders *Indicates an extended polymeric network. †Dose used in phase 3 HARMONIZE (Hyperkalemia Randomized Intervention Multidose ZS-9 Maintenance) trial. m = number of 2-fluoro-2-propenoic acid groups (m=91%); n, p = number of cross-linking groups (n + p=9%); QD = once daily; QID = 4 times per day; SPS = sodium polystyrene sulfonate; TID = 3 times per day; ZS-9 = sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. Mayo Clinic Proceedings , DOI: ( /j.mayocp ) Copyright © 2017 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions
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