1. Labor
The effects of Industrialization and Centralization on the American Work Force

2. Effects of Changes [in general]
A. Industrialization
1. Loss of skilled labor [commoditization]
2. Machines
B. Centralization
1. relationships-labor and management
2. Strength of factory owners

3. Working Conditions A. Wages B. Depersonalization C. Decline of Skill
D. Reutilization
E. Alienation
F. Hours
G. Safety
H. Unemployment
I. Increasing employment of woman & children

4. Children and young women working in a vegetable cannery
Between 1890 and 1900 an average of 35,000 workers died each year on assembly lines

5. Labor’s Response to Industrialism
A. Escape to Farm or West
1. Frederick Jackson Turner
2. Myth of farm and “safety valve”
B. Form Co-ops as alternative
1. Knights of Labor
C. Support of Third Parties
1. Populists
2. Greenback
3. Marxist Focused Parties
1. Socialist to Communist

6. Labor Unions A. Knights of Labor 1. T. Powderly
B. American Federation of Labor
2. Samuel Gompers
C. Industrial Workers of World (Wobblies)
1. “Big” Bill Haywood

7. “Direct action of radical groups will bring about capitalism’s downfall?”

8. Unions Fight Back A. Boycotts B. Railroad Strike of 1877*
C. Haymarket Strike, Chicago 1886*
D. Homestead Strike, 1892
E. Pullman Strike 1894*
F. Colorado Labor Wars, 1905
Frustration

10. Role of Public Toward the Situation
A. Importance of Darwinian Ideas
*never embraced by Darwin himself
B. Converse View on Poverty

11. Labor and Immigration I. Why They Came A. European Reasons (Push)
B. American Reasons (Pull)
II. What They Did
A. Farmers
B. Construction Labor
C. Mine and Factory Labor
III. Immigrant Life in Cities
A. Housing
B. Social Life

12. Criticism A. Political B. Social C. Economic D. Religious
E. The “New Immigrants”
Demands for Restrictions
A. Anti-Chinese
B. General Restrictions
Effects of Immigration
A. Economic