1. Chemistry

2. Unit 2: Matter Unit Overview: 1) Classification of Matter
2) Physical and Chemical Properties
3) States (phases) of Matter
4) Phase Changes
5) Density

3. Quarks(protons & neutrons) & Leptons(electrons)
What is Chemistry?
Organism
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms
Subatomic particles
Quarks(protons & neutrons) & Leptons(electrons)
Strings?

4. Key Vocabulary
Chemistry- the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Alchemy- the attempt to make gold(Au) from other elements. Chemistry arose from alchemy.
Matter- anything with mass and volume.
Volume- the space occupied by an object.

6. II. Properties of Matter
Physical Properties of Matter- a quality of substance which can be observed without changing the substance’s chemical composition.
Examples: color, texture, malleability, ductility, solubility, mass, volume, density, viscosity, conductivity, magnetism.

7. Physical Properties: Vocabulary
Color- the wavelength of light reflected by matter.
Malleability- the ability of matter to be hammered into thin sheets, without crumbling.
Ductility- the ability of matter to be drawn into wires.
Solubility- the ability of matter to dissolve into another substance.
Mass- the amount of matter an object contains.
Volume- the space occupied by matter.
Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flow.

8. Extensive and Intensive Physical Properties(Pre-AP)
Extensive Physical Properties- all phys. prop. which depend entirely on the amount of matter present.
Ex: mass, volume, length, weight
Intensive Physical Properties- all phys. prop. which depend entirely on the identity of matter.
Ex: density, color, malleability, texture, magnetism, melting & boiling point.

9. Chemical Property of Matter- the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions to form new substances.
(Chemical bonds are formed, broken, or simply rearranged.)
When matter undergoes a chemical change, it is called a reaction. Most reactions are permanent.
Law of conservation of mass- during a reaction matter is neither gained nor lost, the only thing that changes is how the atoms are held together.

10. Physical or Chemical Change?
Physical Changes:
Change in state(melting, freezing, boiling, condensation)
Change in shape or form
Dissolving a substance in another
Chemical Changes: Change the identity of matter
--burning, rusting, bleaching, digesting, rotting, cooking

11. Physical or Chemical Change?

12. Physical and Chemical Changes

13. EOC QUESTION!

14. EOC QUESTION!
40 In the procedure shown above, a calcium chloride solution is mixed with a sodium sulfate solution to
create the products shown. Which of the following is illustrated by this activity?
F The law of conservation of mass
G The theory of thermal equilibrium
H The law of conservation of momentum
J The theory of covalent bonding

15. How can we determine if a chemical change is occurring?
Indicators of a chemical change!!!!
When 2 or more substances are combined it
should be a chemical change if we observe:
Light or heat is given off
Color change
Formation of a gas
Formation of a precipitate (ppt.)
Combustion

16. Hindenburg 1937

17. III. States(phases) of Matter
Matter exists in 4 States(Phases)
1) Solid-definite shape and volume
2) liquid- indefinite shape but definite volume
3) gas-indefinite shape and volume
4) plasma-indefinite shape and volume with
charged particles

18. What’s the difference between states of matter
What’s the difference between states of matter? Solids- particles do not move around, they merely rotate and vibrate, caused by strong bonds or intermolecular forces of attraction. Liquids- particles flow past each other, rotate and vibrate, weaker IMF’s. Gases- particles are very far apart, occupying entire volume of container, they rotate vibrate and collide with eachother, very weak IMF’s.

19. EOC QUESTION! Which state of matter is the most easily compressed?
A Solid
B Liquid
C Gas
D Solution

20. CHANGES IN STATE OF MATTER
Melting: ______ to ______
Freezing: _____ to ______
Boiling: _____ to _____
Condensation: ______ to _____
__________: solid to gas(vapor)
__________: gas(vapor) to solid

21. States of matter: Phase Diagram for H2O (Pre-AP)

22. States of matter: Phase Diagram for CO2 (Pre-AP)

23. Heating Curve for Water
120 °C steam
100 °C water  steam
50°C liquid water
0 °C ice liquid
-10 °C ice
Heat added 

24. ://

25. Cooling Curve of Water

27. Supercooled Water Trick!

28. Supercooled Water Trick!

29. V. Density Density- mass divided by volume.
Water has a density of 1g/mL
Matter which is less dense will float on matter which is more dense will sink.

30. Measuring Density

31. Density Practice Problems
1) Find the density of an 8.1gram wood block with a volume of 2.43cm3.
2) Find the density of a liter liquid with a mass of kg.
3) What is the mass of a 1.3cm3 of glass, if the density of glass is 2.60g/cm3?
4) Find the volume of a cube with a mass of 2.28g and a density of g/ml.
5)The density of a block of metal is 7.40 g/cm3. Find the mass of a 1.55 cm3 block.

32. Radioacitivity(Pre-AP)
Nuclear Radiation- tiny particles or energy given off(emitted) or absorbed by the nucleus of an unstable atom.
3 types of nuclear radiation:
Alpha particle(largest)
Beta particle (medium size)
Gamma ray (not matter, energy)

33. Characteristics of Radiation
penetrating
Particle symbol/formula composition mass power
Alpha
Beta
positron
Gamma

35. Nuclear Radiation: Penetrating Power

36. End of Unit 2 Review tomorrow Test the following day Density Lab
Begin Unit 3