1. Political Landscapes: Barriers and Walls in the 20th and 21st Century
AP Human Geography

2. Directions
Use the graphic organizer provided to document information about important barriers/walls built by countries to establish their borders.
This graphic organizer will help you answer one of the FRQ’s found on the Unit Exam.

3. The Mexico/US Border

4. The Border
The Mexico–United States border is an international border running from Imperial Beach, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, in the west to Matamoros, Tamaulipas, and Brownsville, Texas, in the east.
1,969 miles long

5. Purpose
to slow/control the flow of illegal immigrants/goods from Mexico

7. Video
Mexico Boarder Wall

8. The Berlin Wall

10. Another Cold War crisis
Background
East – West rivalry
Berlin divided – contrast the two halves.
WEST: Prosperous, helped by US, attracted people from the East. Seen by USSR as ‘infection’ in the heart of Communist East Germany.
EAST: Much less prosperous and under Communist control

11. What they wanted The West
Prevent USSR from gaining control of East Germany
To see a united, democratic Germany
The East
Maintain control over E Germany
Make the West recognise it as an independent state
Stop the flood of refugees especially the skilled and professional ones – much needed in E Germany

12. Purpose of Wall
to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West

13. Video
Berlin Wall

14. Israel Palestinian Wall
. *Israel began building the barrier in 2002 after dozens of its citizens were killed in suicide bombings carried out during a Palestinian uprising.
*The barrier is planned to extend for some 790 km (491 miles). About 405 km (252 miles) have been completed, while work has continued on other sections
Israel has rerouted the barrier several times in response to its own high court rulings on appeals from human rights groups that Palestinians are cut off from vital farmland or services. . *
To Israelis Security Wall
To Palestinians Apartheid Wall

15. *Israel says the barrier has played a key role in drastically reducing the number of attacks by Palestinians inside the country in the last five years.
According to the Israeli Foreign Ministry, Palestinians carried out 73 attacks in which 293 Israelis were killed between 2000 and mid-2003, when the first parts of the barrier were completed.
*Israel has continued building the barrier in defiance of a ruling by the International Court of Justice, also known as the World Court, based in the Hague, issued on July 9, 2004

16. Human rights groups say the barrier has effectively isolated some 60,500 Palestinians from the rest of the West Bank
Thousands more live in villages surrounded on at least three sides by the barricades, which restricts their ability to move around.

18. North Korea/South Korea Demilitarized Zone

19. PER CAPITA GDP $1,800 Many still suffering from lack of food SOUTH PER
NORTH
PER
CAPITA
GDP
$1,800
Many still
suffering
from lack
of food
SOUTH
PER
CAPITA
GDP
$32,020
ECOMONY
GROWING
RAPIDLY

20. Leadership in N. and S. Korea
Kim Jong-un is the supreme leader of North Korea. He is the son of Kim Jong-il.
Park Geun-hye is the eleventh and current President of South Korea. She is the first woman to be elected as President in South Korea

21. The two countries are separated by the DMZ (demilitarized zone) at the 38th parallel.
38th Parallel - line of
latitude (38 degrees North) DMZ – Demilitarized Zone- a each side is heavily guarded to prevent invasion by the other; it has also been made into a wildlife sanctuary in hopes that might deter either side from becoming aggressive

22. Purpose of the DMZ
to act as a buffer zone in order to reduce the likelihood of violence between North and South Korea

23. North Korea
Population:
24.5 million
57% urban
South Korea
Population:
50 million
80% urban
SATELLITE IMAGES AT NIGHT

24. Video: Escape from North Korea

25. Israel Palestinian Wall

26. Social/Political Consequences
Increased tension between neighboring countries or
Increased isolation (reduction in the diffusion of culture)
Stigmatizing of excluded)
Promotes nationalism, reduces foreign influences, increases xenophobia
Separation of families, friends, relatives, cultural groups
Increased virtual communication between people of neighboring countries
Reduced migration

27. Economic Consequences
Cost of construction, maintenance, staffing
Creates jobs: construction, maintenance, staffing
Reduction in flow of illegal goods
Reduction in flow of illegal labor and potential savings in social costs
Loss of job opportunities for those excluded,
Reduced seasonal migration

28. Environmental Consequences
Effect negatively on Cultural landscape
Land around wall is barren and useless
Aesthetically unpleasing
Animals are effected, by mines, or cant pass through natural feeding grounds