1. Acids
Chemical Bonding

2. Types of Chemical Bonds
There are 3 forms of chemical bonding:
IONIC: Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal Complete transfer of 1 or more valence electrons from one atom to another (One loses electrons that the other gains, forming oppositely charged ions that attract one another)
COVALENT: Occurs between two nonmetals Some valence electrons are shared between atoms
METALLIC: Occurs between two metals A sea of electrons that can hold metals together
*Most bonds are somewhere between ionic and covalent

3. Acids are SPECIAL Covalent Bonds
Remember: Covalent bonds are formed by two nonmetals sharing electrons. For acids one of the nonmetals is always hydrogen.

4. Properties of Acids

5. Lewis Dot Structure of Acids
Drawing the Lewis Dot Structure for an acid follows the exact same rules as covalent molecules But wait… what are the electronegativity values?

6. Determining Types of Bonds
If the difference in electronegativity is between:
1.7 to 4.0: Ionic
0.5 to 1.6: Polar Covalent
0.0 to 0.4: Non-Polar Covalent
Example: HF
H = 2.1, F = 4.0
Difference is 1.9, so
this is an ionic bond? WAIT A MINUTE.

7. What to know about Acids
Yes. A molecule is an acid if it STARTS WITH a H Not always true in real life, but it will be for us at this moment in time.
Yes. They are covalent molecules. They follow the exact same rules when drawing Lewis Dot Structures.
Yes. They form like ionic compounds. They follow the exact same rules when writing chemical formulas.
No. They aren’t named like either one. They have their own special naming system. Ugh.

8. All acids will end in the word “acid”.
How to write a name
All acids will end in the word “acid”.

9. How to write a name When to include prefix “Hydro”
Use the prefix “Hydro” only when the formula includes hydrogen and one other element.
HCl = hydrochloric acid
Always “Hydro(Insert element here)-ic Acid
Remember: Short Formula = Long Name
There is one exception to this rule.

10. How to write a name When to leave out the prefix “Hydro”
Do not use the prefix if there is a polyatomic ion
HClO3 = chloric acid
Remember: Long Formula = Short Name
How to write a name When to leave out the prefix “Hydro”

11. How to write a name One more thing…Oxyacids
When naming acids with polyatomics, sometimes there are two ions with similar names: Ex) Nitrate and Nitrite
If the polyatomic ion ends in “–ate”, then the suffix “-ic” will be added.
Example – Nitrate  HNO3  Nitric Acid
If the polyatomic ion ends in “–ite”, then the suffix “-ous” will be added.
Example – Nitrite  HNO2  Nitrous Acid

12. Writing Names Practice
HCl  Hydrochloric Acid HNO2  Nitrous Acid HNO3  Nitric Acid
Formula
Name HF
HBr
H3PO3
H2SO4
H2SO3
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrobromic Acid
Phosphorous Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfurous Acid

13. Writing Names Practice
HCl  Hydrochloric Acid HNO2  Nitrous Acid HNO3  Nitric Acid
Formula
Name
Hydroiodic Acid
Hydrocyanic Acid*
Hydrosulfic Acid
Boric Acid
Chlorous Acid HI
HCN
H2S
H3BO3
HClO2