1. Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Chapter 3
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

2. Question!
A patient who had recurrent headaches, fatigue, and loss of appetite received different diagnoses about this condition from several psychologists. In terms of assessment, this indicates a problem with:
1. reliability
2. classification
3. validity
4. standardization

3. Question!
A patient who had recurrent headaches, fatigue, and loss of appetite received different diagnoses about this condition from several psychologists. In terms of assessment, this indicates a problem with:
1. reliability
2. classification
3. validity
4. standardization

4. Question!
Which of the following describes the concept of validity as it applies to psychological assessment?
1. Two or more “raters” get the same answers
2. An assessment technique is consistent across different measures
3. Scores are used as a norm for comparison purposes
4. An assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure

5. Question!
Which of the following describes the concept of validity as it applies to psychological assessment?
1. Two or more “raters” get the same answers
2. An assessment technique is consistent across different measures
3. Scores are used as a norm for comparison purposes
4. An assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure

6. Question!
Mr. J, a 40-year-old recent immigrant to the United States, comes from a working-class background and is just learning to speak English. He applies for a job and is given a test. His score is compared to others who have taken the test, mostly young college graduates whose native language is English. Mr. J thinks this is unfair. In fact, this is an issue of:
1. reliability
2. classification
3. validity
4. standardization

7. Question!
Mr. J, a 40-year-old recent immigrant to the United States, comes from a working-class background and is just learning to speak English. He applies for a job and is given a test. His score is compared to others who have taken the test, mostly young college graduates whose native language is English. Mr. J thinks this is unfair. In fact, this is an issue of:
1. reliability
2. classification
3. validity
4. standardization

8. Question!
In trying to understand and help an individual with a psychological problem, a psychologist will obtain detailed information about the person’s life as part of a
1. physical exam
2. clinical interview
3. mental status exam
4. brain scan

9. Question!
In trying to understand and help an individual with a psychological problem, a psychologist will obtain detailed information about the person’s life as part of a
1. physical exam
2. clinical interview
3. mental status exam
4. brain scan

10. Question!
In a mental status exam, it is important to determine if the individual’s sensorium is clear and if he or she is “oriented times three.” This refers to
1. person, place, and time
2. day, month, and year of birth
3. ability to follow directions
4. spatial orientation

11. Question!
In a mental status exam, it is important to determine if the individual’s sensorium is clear and if he or she is “oriented times three.” This refers to
1. person, place, and time
2. day, month, and year of birth
3. ability to follow directions
4. spatial orientation

12. Question! The ABCs of observation refer to the __________ sequence.
1. affect-behavior-cognition
2. antecedent-behavior-cognition
3. antecedent-behavior-consequence
4. affect-behavior-consequence

13. Question! The ABCs of observation refer to the __________ sequence.
1. affect-behavior-cognition
2. antecedent-behavior-cognition
3. antecedent-behavior-consequence
4. affect-behavior-consequence

14. Question!
The projective type of psychological tests is based on ____________ theory.
1. behavioral
2. cognitive
3. humanistic
4. psychoanalytic

15. Question!
The projective type of psychological tests is based on ____________ theory.
1. behavioral
2. cognitive
3. humanistic
4. psychoanalytic

16. Question!
Neuropsychological tests are used to assess whether or not an individual might
1. have an intellectual disability
2. have a brain dysfunction
3. have had a psychotic episode
4. be in a depressed state

17. Question!
Neuropsychological tests are used to assess whether or not an individual might
1. have an intellectual disability
2. have a brain dysfunction
3. have had a psychotic episode
4. be in a depressed state

18. Question! DSM-5 is based on a ______ classification system.
1. dimensional
2. categorical
3. prototypical
4. psychoanalytic

19. Question! DSM-5 is based on a ______ classification system.
1. dimensional
2. categorical
3. prototypical
4. psychoanalytic

20. Question! Internal validity is defined as
1. the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable
2. the degree to which the hypotheses is supported by the study
3. the overall quality of the research
4. the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable

21. Question! Internal validity is defined as
1. the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable
2. the degree to which the hypotheses is supported by the study
3. the overall quality of the research
4. the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable

22. Question!
A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students’ exam scores. Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress levels of real-life organizational workers is a question of
1. internal validity
2. study confounds
3. external validity
4. the original research hypothesis

23. Question!
A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students’ exam scores. Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress levels of real-life organizational workers is a question of
1. internal validity
2. study confounds
3. external validity
4. the original research hypothesis

24. Question!
A researcher studying the effect of a dietary supplement on sleep finds that research participants who take the supplement sleep an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night, while participants who were given a placebo pill with no active ingredients in it sleep for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes. These findings are clearly
1. statistically significant
2. clinically insignificant
3. invalid
4. reliable

25. Question!
A researcher studying the effect of a dietary supplement on sleep finds that research participants who take the supplement sleep an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night, while participants who were given a placebo pill with no active ingredients in it sleep for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes. These findings are clearly
1. statistically significant
2. clinically insignificant
3. invalid
4. reliable

26. Question!
When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model,
1. it is possible to determine that marital problems generally cause child behavior problems.
2. it is not possible to determine whether marital discord causes child behavior problems, whether the child behavior problems cause marital discord, or whether both may be true.
3. it is possible to determine whether marital problems cause child behavior problems or whether child behavior problems cause marital problems, but it is not possible to determine whether both may be true.
4. it is possible to determine whether any or all observed effects may be causing changes on any of the variables being studied.

27. Question!
When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model,
1. it is possible to determine that marital problems generally cause child behavior problems.
2. it is not possible to determine whether marital discord causes child behavior problems, whether the child behavior problems cause marital discord, or whether both may be true.
3. it is possible to determine whether marital problems cause child behavior problems or whether child behavior problems cause marital problems, but it is not possible to determine whether both may be true.
4. it is possible to determine whether any or all observed effects may be causing changes on any of the variables being studied.

28. Question!
The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to
1. control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
2. determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the dependent variable.
3. determine statistical significance.
4. control the dependent variable.

29. Question!
The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to
1. control for the expectation of some research subjects that they will improve just because they are in a research study.
2. determine whether a treatment or independent variable actually influenced change in the dependent variable.
3. determine statistical significance.
4. control the dependent variable.

30. Question!
A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70. The research design being used is called
1. cross-sectional
2. longitudinal
3. experimental
4. case-study

31. Question!
A researcher is studying how depression tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70. The research design being used is called
1. cross-sectional
2. longitudinal
3. experimental
4. case-study

32. Question! The basic components of informed consent are
1. competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension
2. volunteerism and comprehension
3. competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results
4. anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension

33. Question! The basic components of informed consent are
1. competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension
2. volunteerism and comprehension
3. competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results
4. anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension