1. FASTENERS
Screws, Nails, Bolts…

2. SCREWS AND NAILS Must resist corrosion
Rusting fasteners retain moisture
Rot
Bleed

3. SCREWS AND NAILS Galvanized coating Stainless steel Polymer-coated
Specify “hot-dipped”
Avoid electro-galvanized (bright)
Stainless steel
Polymer-coated

5. NAILS Hardened piece of wire
Nail length is given in “Penny Weight” (d)
10d nail is about 3” long

6. PENNYWEIGHT?
The term penny originated in England many years ago. Ten penny, four penny, etc., nails got their names from the fact that one hundred nails of that size cost ten pence, four pence, etc. Today penny represents the definite length of a nail measured from the head to the tip of the point. The term penny is still shown by using the English Pence sign d.

7. NAILS
Avoid splitting wood
Using pilot holes
Flat side with the grain

8. NAILS
Avoid splitting wood
Stagger nails

9. NAILS
Avoid splitting wood
Blunt tips

10. NAILS TYPES Smooth shank Ring shank Spiral shank Truss nail
Duplex nail (temporary)

13. NAILS TYPES

14. SCREWS Greater resistance to withdrawal than nails
Specify size by diameter and length
¼” x 3”
½” x 6”

15. PILOT HOLE for SCREWS Pilot hole should be smaller than screw
Thread bites into wood
Size of shank

16. SCREWS TYPES Wood Screws Standard Phillips Square drive
Star (torx) drive

17. Screws
Phillips/Square/Slotted combo head

18. SCREWS TYPES
Sheet metal screws
Tip acts like a drill bit

19. SCREWS TYPES Lag Screws Heavy duty screw used when bolts cannot
2 to 8” long

20. Lag Screws Installation
Drill about half the length of lag screw
Hammer to bottom of pilot hole
Thread the rest of way

21. LedgerLOK screws

22. BOLTS Better shear strength than nails and screws
Used in major structural joints
Size: diameter and length
Sizing length: 1” greater than the adjoining boards

23. PILOT HOLE for BOLTS Pilot hole same size as bolt
Thread bite not required
Washers and nut required to fasten

24. BOLT TYPES
Standard Bolt
Hex or square head

25. BOLT TYPES Carriage bolt
Round head with square base for better look and feel
Tighten until square base crunches in

27. ThruLOK bolts

28. BOLT TYPES Expanding or wedge bolt Attaching to concrete or brick
Flange fits into pre-drilled hole

29. Wedge Bolt Installation
Drill depth of bolt with concrete bit
Hammer bolt to bottom of pilot hole
Avoid flattening threads
Tighten nut and washer

30. IPE Clips

31. IPE Clips

32. JOINING MATERIALS
Direct nailing: 1” from end and side

33. JOINING MATERIALS
Toenailing: 45-degree through end of board

34. JOINING MATERIALS
Butt joint: two boards simply butted together

35. JOINING MATERIALS Miter cut: angle cut across width
Miter joint: 90-degree corner

36. JOINING MATERIALS
Bevel cut: angle cut along thickness

37. JOINING MATERIALS
Cross cut: cutting across the grain
at 90-degree

38. JOINING MATERIALS
Rip cut: cutting with the grain

39. Table saw for rip cuts Table saw sensor

40. JOINING MATERIALS
Splicing: overlap or gusset over beam

41. CONNECTORS
Joist hanger: connecting joist to ledger

43. CONNECTORS
Post saddle: fastening beam to top of post

44. CONNECTORS
Angle bracket: support under wood (steps)

45. CONNECTORS
Rafter ties: connect joist to beam