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Sound
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Diegetic sound Part of the cinematic ‘world’ E.G. natural sounds Non-diegetic sound Not part of the cinematic ‘world’ E.G. background music
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Diegetic Sound Actual natural sounds caught on location or
Foley: a scene’s aural design is manipulated in post-production
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Diegetic sound Synchronous sound effects *Mechanical breathing*
Matched to a visible source on screen. *Mechanical breathing* Bzzzzzz! Clashhh!
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Asynchronous sound effects
Sounds not matched to a visible source but logically part of the cinematic world Helicopters! Screams! Sirens! Stuff breaking!
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Use of Sound Atmosphere Create the diegetic space Create meaning
Steer narrative Suggest presence/absence – e.g. offscreen Compliment or contrast with the image Can be used to bridge/juxtapose scenes
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Quality of sound Volume Timbre Pitch
Processed : Distorted/echo/clear/etc Use of instruments Chords
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Does the use of sound: Help locate the action – e.g. a war zone?
Paths of Glory – Stanley Kubrick, 1957
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Does the use of sound: Help us to build a diegetic geography?
Casablanca – Michael Curtiz, 1942
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Does the use of sound: Compliment or contradict the image?
A juxtaposition or counterpoint to the visual information
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Does the use of sound: Subliminally influence our emotional response to character?
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Does the use of sound: Shock or surprise us – say in a sudden cut to a shot with high volume?
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Does the use of sound: Work to make us anticipate – e.g. using a J-cut? Or leave a sound lingering (haunting?) using an L-cut?
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Does the use of sound: Signify genre?
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Does the use of sound: Signify a character’s state of mind?
The Innocents – Jack Clayton, 1961
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Does the use of sound: Signify the presence of an off-screen character?
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Use of sound links http://filmsound.org/marshall/
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