1. Patterns and Processes in Human Coastal Development
Biology 561 Barrier Island Ecology

2. Trends in Coastal Regions**
**Presentation based on: Bookman, C.A., T.J. Culliton and M.A. Warren Trends in U. S. Coastal Regions,

3. Trends Shaping the Coastal Environment
Population growth and settlement pattern
Recreation and tourism
Commerce
Energy and mineral resources
Fisheries resources
Environmental quality
Coastal hazards
Government and management
Social trends

4. Population Growth and Settlement Pattern
Coastal areas crowded
Current population 141 million in coastal counties
Growth of coastal areas continues
Population will reach 166 million by 2015
Natural features are diminished or lost
Green space/wildlife habitat/water quality decrease
Urban runoff/solid waste production increase

5. Social Trends
Change from concept of infinite resources to finite resources
Resources can be harmed by human activities
Oceans and coastal areas important to human health
NGOs important players

6. Recreation and Tourism
The most significant economic activity within the coastal zone
Government responsible for providing conditions for these to fluorish
Much left to be done in this arena

7. Water-related Commerce
Both foreign and domestic waterborne transportation increasing
Shift from cargo to passengers
Ports under pressure to respond to
Changing intermodal transport systems
Environmental regulations pertaining to ports
Requires coordinated national effort to develop appropriate infrastructure

8. Energy and Mineral Resources
Federal offshore lands are source of petroleum
Imported petroleum comes by ship
Large fraction of untapped petroleum in offshore reservoirs

9. Fishery Resources
U.S. fishery landings have increased over the past 50 years
Maximum fish production by oceans and coastal waters has been reached
Seek long-term sustainable fisheries
Aquaculture may be important alternative to wild harvest

10. Environmental Quality
Point source pollution control successful
Wastwater treatment plants
Ocean dumping/dredge deposits
Non-point pollution increasing
Growth in population
Coastal habitats threatened

11. Coastal Hazards Coastal storms Increasing population at risk
Increased property valuation
Disrupt ecosystems
Damage and cost decreasing
Better predictive capabilities
Better building codes

12. Governance and Management
Coastal zone governed by fragmented, complex laws and regulations
Law of the Sea Convention
200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
Regional management, e.g. fisheries
Experience with coastal zone management
Integrated management
Bring stakeholders together (economic, social and environmental