1. Cholinergic Agents 1

2. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium-(DMPP)
Cholinergic Agents
Alkaloids
Nicotine
Lobeline
Arecoline
Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Synthetic Agents
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium-(DMPP)
Oxotremorine
Methacholine
Bethanechol
Carbachol
Cevimeline 2

3. Cell body of the postsynaptic neurons
Nicotine
Nicotine mimics the actions of acetylcholine at nicotinic sites
Cell body of the postsynaptic neurons
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
End plate of skeletal muscle fiber
Affinity for NN sites versus NM sites
Used as an insecticide 3

4. Muscarine Clitocybe sp: content of muscarine is high
Muscarine mimics the actions of acetylcholine at smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
Poisoning by muscarine produces intense effects qualitative to those produced by cholinergic stimulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands
Muscarine is found in various mushrooms
Amanita muscaria: content of muscarine is very low
Inocybe sp: content of muscarine is high
Clitocybe sp: content of muscarine is high 4

5. Has muscarinic actions Used for xerostomia Used for glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Has muscarinic actions
Used for xerostomia
Used for glaucoma 5

6. Structure of Acetylcholine and its Derivatives
Methacholine
Bethanechol
Carbachol 6

7. Therapeutic Uses of Cholinergic Agonists
Dentistry
Pilocarpine
Cevimeline
Ophthalmology
Carbachol
Gastrointestinal tract
Bethanechol
Urinary bladder 7

8. Contraindications to the Use of Choline Esters
Hyperthyroidism
Asthma
Coronary insufficiency
Peptic ulcer
Organic obstruction in bladder or gastrointestinal tract 8

9. Toxicity of Choline Esters
Flushing
SWEATING (diaphoresis)
Abdominal cramps
Spasm of the urinary bladder
Spasm of accomodation
Miosis
Headache
Salivation
Bronchospasm
Lacrimation
Hypotension
Bradycardia 9

10. Agents That Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase10

11. Acetylcholinesterase
(True Cholinesterase) 11