1. DAY 1 Leaf Structure

2. Chemical reactions (require enzymes) Performed by autotrophs
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Main Job:
Main Job:
Autotrophic nutrition, Produces food (glucose)
Releases energy from bonds of food to produce ATP
BOTH
Involve water
Who does it?:
Who does it?:
Autotrophs (plants & algae)
all living things (including autotrophs)
Chemical reactions (require enzymes)
Reactants (what it needs):
Reactants (what it needs):
CO2 + H2O
(carbon dioxide + water)
C6H12O6 + O2
(glucose + oxygen)
Performed by autotrophs
Products (what it makes):
Products (what it makes):
C6H12O6 + O2
(glucose + oxygen)
Maintain homeostasis
CO2 + H2O + ATP
(carbon dioxide, water, energy)
Where?
Require energy
Where?
chloroplasts
mitochondria

3. Design a Leaf!!
What would be the best structure for a leaf to carry out its major function…PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!???
Place the following in order from the top of the leaf to the bottom.
A.Spongy layer allowing gases to flow to the choloroplasts
B.Thick, waxy layer
C. Layer of cells with the MOST chloroplasts
D. Layer of cells that includes holes for gases to enter or “leave” the leaf
E. Layer with veins to carry glucose and water to and from the leaf

5. Leaf Structure (cross section)
Upper epidermis
Cuticle
Palisade Mesophyll
Mesophyll
Spongy Mesophyll
Chloroplasts
Lower Epidermis
Xylem
Vein (xylem & phloem)
Phloem
Guard Cells
Stomate (Stoma)

8. Parts of a Leaf 1. Upper Epidermis:
2. Cuticle:
3. Palisade Mesophyll:
4. Chloroplast:
5. Xylem:
6. Phloem:
Outer layer, only 1 cell thick, allows light to enter
Waxy, protective transparent waterproof covering
Tightly packed, MOST photosynthesis here
Sites of photosynthesis (contain pigment chlorophyll)
Vascular tissue that carries water up from roots to leaves
Vascular tissue that carries glucose from leaf to rest of plant

9. Parts of a Leaf (con’t) 7. Guard Cell:
8. Stomates:
9. Vein:
10. Lower epidermis:
11. Spongy Mesophyll:
12. Mesophyll:
Control (REGULATE) the opening and closing of stomata
Holes on bottom of leaf, allow gas exchange & water loss
TRANSPORTS water and glucose through plant
Bottom layer, contains guard cells and stomates
Contains air spaces allow gases to circulate (O2 & CO2)
Middle layers of leaf (spongy & palisade)

10. DAY 2 Photosynthesis

11. Bellwork
Transport, Nutrition, Regulation and Respiration are 4 of the life functions carried out by all living things! How does the leaf carry these out in plants?
In Greek, “stomata” means “mouth”…why do you think the holes in the bottom of the leaf are called stomates?

12. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Song Brainpop

13. The Sun is the ultimate source of mostly all energy on Earth!
Heterotrophs:
Autotrophs:
cannot produce their own food, obtain energy from the foods they consume
Ex. animals, fungi, most bacteria
are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food
Ex. plants, algae & some bacteria that

14. Photosynthesis: process by which…plants use the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars (a.k.a. “autotrophic nutrition”)
Chloroplasts – site of
photosynthesis within
the cell
Chlorophyll – a green
pigment found in the
chloroplast, absorbs
light energy

17. Photosynthesis Equation
light
Main product?
Waste product?
Reactant?
Reactant?
6CO H2O C6H12O O2
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
Opposite of Respiration
C6H12O O CO H2O + 36ATP
enzymes
light
enzymes

18. Uses for Glucose Produced
Energy source for cellular respiration
Can be converted into more complex starches (like cellulose) & stored by plants

19. Uses for Oxygen being Produced
required by most living things for aerobic cellular respiration!
Plants can transfer some of the oxygen produced to their own mitochondria to perform aerobic respiration!
Plants do Respiration TOO!

20. DAY 3 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Light Dependent & Independent Reactions

21. Chemical reactions (require enzymes) Performed by autotrophs
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Main Job:
Main Job:
Autotrophic nutrition, Produces food (glucose)
Releases energy from bonds of food to produce ATP
BOTH
Involve water
Who does it?:
Who does it?:
Autotrophs (plants & algae)
all living things (including autotrophs)
Chemical reactions (require enzymes)
Reactants (what it needs):
Reactants (what it needs):
CO2 + H2O
(carbon dioxide + water)
C6H12O6 + O2
(glucose + oxygen)
Performed by autotrophs
Products (what it makes):
Products (what it makes):
C6H12O6 + O2
(glucose + oxygen)
Maintain homeostasis
CO2 + H2O + ATP
(carbon dioxide, water, energy)
Where?
Require energy
Where?
chloroplasts
mitochondria

22. Why are plants and algae considered “self-sustaining”?
Plants can transfer some of the oxygen produced at the chloroplasts to their own mitochondria to perform aerobic respiration!

23. What factors can affect the Rate of Photosynthesis?
Amount of light (more light, more photosynthesis)
Availability of water
Temperature (enzymes that work best between 0 – 35 degrees Celcius)
pH of soil/water (can affect enzymes)

25. 2 Major Sets of Photosynthetic Reactions
1. Light Dependent Reactions
Location: grana
Requires light
Photolysis takes place,
(using light energy to split water molecules into hydrogen atoms
& oxygen gas)
ATP is produced

26. 2. Light Independent / (Carbon-Fixation)
Location: stroma
Does not require light (but requires products of the light dependent reactions)
Also known as the Calvin cycle

27. Design a photosynthesis experiment with Elodea!
Bromothymol Blue
– pH indicator, turns yellow in a weak
acid (around 6.0)
- good indicator of dissolved carbon
dioxide
Elodea
Freshwater plant
Straw
Parafilm
Think about ….
what a plant uses
What a plant makes
Which reactant/product can be measured using these materials?
5 Test tubes
don’t forget control group(s)!!
Tin Foil

29. Write-up
On loose leaf… -Title -Hypothesis -Data Table (Including setup and results) Analysis Describe the changes that occurred. Why do you think this happened? Sources of error? Conclusion Did the data support your hypothesis? Suggestions for improvement

30. DAY 4 Photosynthesis SAT II Light Dependent & Independent Reactions Chart & Flowchart

31. Practice Questions
Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?
(1) diffusion  
(2) respiration 
(3) photosynthesis
(4) active transport

32. Practice Questions What does the process of photosynthesis produce?
1) starch, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
2) protein, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
3) glycerol, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
4) glucose, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

33. Practice Questions
Which process provides most of the oxygen found in Earth's atmosphere?
1) photosynthesis
2) aerobic respiration
3) dehydration synthesis
4) fermentation

34. Uses for Glucose Produced
Energy source for cellular respiration
Can be converted into more complex starches (like cellulose) & stored by plants

35. Uses for Oxygen being Produced
required by most living things for aerobic cellular respiration!
Plants can transfer some of the oxygen produced to their own mitochondria to perform aerobic respiration!
Plants do Respiration TOO!

36. Longest = radio waves
shortest = gamma waves
Bees can see the beginning of the ultraviolet light section of the spectrum where frequencies are close to those of visible light.

37. Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, phycobilins
It absorbs all other wavelengths of light
Green b/c it is reflected and not absorbed by pigments

38. Use light energy to produce ATP & NADPH (an electron carrier)
Photosynthesis (Light Reactions) - YouTube
Use light energy to produce ATP & NADPH (an electron carrier)
To make sugar called PGAL
Thylakoid membranes of grana of chloroplast
Stroma of chloroplast
Only in light (though light is not required)
Only in light
Light
Water
ADP + P
NADP+
ATP
NADPH
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen gas (waste)
ATP
NADPH
Sugar (PGAL)  glucose

39. H20
ATP
NADPH
ADP + P
NADP+
CO2

40. Write on the back of packet…
Extra Credit
Write on the back of packet…
8-10 line poem on one of these topics (or a combination of 2)
Respiration:
Include these terms –
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, lactic acid breathing, animals, plants, energy
Photosynthesis:
Include these terms –
Leaf, autotrophs, chloroplast, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, water, sunlight
The Leaf:
Include these terms –
Stomate, open, chloroplast, exchange, palisades, waxy cuticle, sunlight