1. In-Class Review
Chapters 25-30

2. Chapter 25: European Imperialism
New Imperialism- more control over vast territories
Three main motivations
Economic
Rivalries
Racism  White Man’s Burden

3. Chapter 25: European Imperialism
Indirect Rule
Direct Rule
Local rulers kept authority
Less expensive
Less influence on native cultures
Local rulers replaced by European officials
More expensive
More influence on native cultures

4. Chapter 25: European Imperialism
Britain
Controlled Burma and Indonesia
France
French Indochina
U.S.
Spanish-American War
Received Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Samoa

5. Chapter 25: European Imperialism
North Africa
Central Africa
Egypt modernized military
Suez Canal taken over by Great Britain
Belgian Congo
Large amounts of rubber and gold
East Africa
South Africa
Berlin Conference:
Settled conflicting claims to African territory
Organized by Bismarck
Boer War between Dutch and Britain
Britain now dominates South Africa

6. Chapter 26: Imperialism in Asia
Opium Wars
Britain ships opium into China (imports > exports)
China closes borders; leads to war
Result:
China forced to open up to European trade and influence
Open Door Policy
Europeans respects each others trade privileges
Reduce restrictions on foreign imports

7. Chapter 26: Imperialism in Asia
Meiji Restoration
Japan modernizes after being forced to open trade with U.S.
Political: Parliament; prime minister has real power
Economic: Industrialization; government subsidizes businesses
Military: Forced draft; more modern weapons
Defeated both China and Russia
Began expansion into China

8. Chapter 27: WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
2nd
1st
5th
Serbia
Great Britain
4th
3rd
Russia
France

9. Chapter 27: WWI Western Front Eastern Front Stalemate (less mobile)
Trench Warfare
No Man’s Land
U.S. Involvement (1917)
German U-boat attacks
Fewer trenches  more mobility
Russia suffers huge casualties (not prepared for war)

10. Chapter 27: Russian Revolution
Famine and high casualties  Russian Revolution
Czar loses power
New government still terrible
Rise of Bolshevik Party (led by Lenin)
Russian Civil War fought with non-communists in Russia

11. Germany (and Austria) almost completely to blame
Chapter 27: WWI
End of the War
Wilson’s 14 points
Treaty of Versailles
“War Guilt Clause”
Self-determination
League of Nations
Germany (and Austria) almost completely to blame

12. Chapter 28-30: World War II
Totalitarianism: Complete control over lives of citizens
Single political party
Control over economy
Secret police
Censorship of media
Propaganda
Use of violence
Characteristics

13. Chapter 28-30: World War II Fascism Communism Extreme nationalism
Wealthy allowed to own businesses
War and violence
Examples:
Nazi Germany
Italy under Mussolini
International revolution
Complete control of economy
Collectivization- state control of peasant farms
Example:
Soviet Union (Russia)

14. Chapter 28-30: World War II German Timeline Hitler becomes chancellor
1933
1934
1935
1936
Hitler becomes chancellor
Hitler passes Anti-Semitic laws (Nuremburg Laws)
Hitler invades the Rhineland
Hitler annexes Austria
Sep. 1939
1939
1938
1938
Hitler invades the Poland; WWII begins
German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Munich Conference
Hitler invades Czechoslovakia

15. Chapter 28-30: World War II German Timeline
1940
1940
1941
1943
Germany invades and defeats France
Battle of Britain
Germany’s failed invasion of Russia
Battle of Stalingrad
May 1945
1945
June 1944
Battle of Berlin; Germany surrenders
Battle of the Bulge
D-Day Invasion
Italy defeated; Rome taken by Allies

16. Chapter 28-30: World War II Japanese Timeline Japan invades Manchuria
1933
1940
1941
Japan invades Manchuria
2nd Sino-Japanese War
Japan invades SE Asia; US sanctions oil and iron
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
Aug. 1945
1945
1942
A-bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Island-hopping campaign in Pacific
Battle of Midway (turning point)

17. Chapter 28-30: World War II End of the War
Germany divided between major powers
E. Europe under Soviet influence
Nuremburg Trials
Beginning of the Cold War (US vs. USSR)