1. Motivation and drive in addiction

2. Behavioral activation
Motivation
Motivation
Vigor
Persistence
Effort
Behavioral activation DA
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J.,et al(2015). Addiction Circuitry in the Human Brain. Focus, 13(3),

3. Increased motivation in addictionDA
Dysregulated dopamine signaling
Koob, G & Kandel, D et al. (2015). Pathophysiology of Addiction. In Tasman, A. . Psychiatry. West Sussex, England: Wiley Blackwell.

4. Increased motivation in addictionDA
Drug-taking:
primary motivational drive
Dysregulated dopamine signaling
Koob, G & Kandel, D et al. (2015). Pathophysiology of Addiction. In Tasman, A. . Psychiatry. West Sussex, England: Wiley Blackwell.

5. Motivation: neuroanatomy
Dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC)
PFC
Nutt, D. & Nestor, L. (2013). Addiction. Oxford New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

6. Motivation: neuroanatomy
Dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC)
PFC
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
Nutt, D. & Nestor, L. (2013). Addiction. Oxford New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

7. Motivation: neuroanatomy
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
Nucleus Accumbens (NAc)
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J.,et al(2015). Addiction Circuitry in the Human Brain. Focus, 13(3),

8. Motivation: neuroanatomy
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
Amygdala
Nucleus Accumbens (NAc)
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J.,et al(2015). Addiction Circuitry in the Human Brain. Focus, 13(3),

9. Motivational deficits in drug addiction
Acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence
Motivational deficits
Dysphoria
Malaise
Depression-like symptoms
Koob, G & Kandel, D et al. (2015). Pathophysiology of Addiction. In Tasman, A. . Psychiatry. West Sussex, England: Wiley Blackwell.

10. The “antireward” system

11. The “antireward” system
CRF
Corticotropin-releasing factor
Dysphoria
Drug craving
DYN
Dynorphin NE
Norepinephrine
Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4),

12. The “antireward” system
Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4),

13. The “antireward” system
CRF NE
DYN
Stress
Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4),

14. The “antireward” system
Dysphoria
Stress
Craving
Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4),